Fig. 5.

Images of label-free nerve fibers (imaged from the adventitial side) in the stained muscle layer of the bladder wall. Nerves (white arrowhead) and cell nuclei (SYTO 13 staining) of macrophages (red arrow) and smooth muscle cells (white arrow) could be detected in the green channel. Collagen (Co) was seen in the blue channel, and stained muscle fibers (M, Sulforhodamine B staining) in the red channel. a Straight-shaped muscle bundles (M) with smooth muscle cells (white arrow) and nerves (white arrowhead). b, c Magnification of stretched nerves (white arrowhead), showing a branching point (asterisk). d, e Magnification of curled nerves (white arrowhead) with branching point (asterisk). Scale bars, 20 μm