Table 2.
Associations between hydrogen sulphide (H 2 S in quartiles and continuous) and cause specific mortality: number of deaths (No.) hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI)
| Cause of death (ICD-9-CM) |
H
2
S concentrations
|
||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| <25° percentile a |
25°–50° percentile
|
50°–75° percentile
|
>75° percentile
|
Linear trend
|
|||||||||||
| No. | No. | Crude HR | HR | 95% CI | No. | Crude HR | HR | 95% CI | No. | Crude HR | HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | |
| Natural causes (001–799) | 3 701 | 3 946 | 0.98 | 1.01 | (0.96–1.06) | 4 254 | 1.00 | 1.02 | (0.97–1.08) | 4 104 | 0.96 | 0.98 | (0.91–1.05) | 1.00 | (0.98–1.02) |
| All cancers (140–239) | 1 282 | 1 307 | 0.97 | 0.99 | (0.91–1.08) | 1 493 | 1.03 | 1.05 | (0.95–1.16) | 1 452 | 1.00 | 1.03 | (0.91–1.16) | 1.01 | (0.98–1.05) |
| Stomach (151) | 75 | 88 | 1.03 | 0.98 | (0.70–1.37) | 108 | 1.27 | 1.23 | (0.84–1.79) | 105 | 1.00 | 0.88 | (0.54–1.42) | 1.00 | (0.87–1.16) |
| Colorectal (153–154,159) | 154 | 170 | 0.99 | 1.00 | (0.79–1.27) | 176 | 0.96 | 0.97 | (0.74–1.28) | 159 | 0.93 | 0.91 | (0.64–1.28) | 0.97 | (0.87–1.08) |
| Liver (155–156) | 102 | 89 | 0.86 | 0.83 | (0.61–1.13) | 106 | 0.89 | 0.77 | (0.53–1.11) | 89 | 0.74 | 0.76 | (0.48–1.2) | 0.90 | (0.78–1.05) |
| Pancreas (157) | 68 | 64 | 0.92 | 0.93 | (0.64–1.35) | 69 | 0.92 | 0.95 | (0.61–1.49) | 72 | 0.69 | 0.73 | (0.41–1.32) | 0.93 | (0.77–1.11) |
| Larynx (161) | 17 | 15 | 0.81 | 0.72 | (0.33–1.56) | 11 | 0.38 | 0.40 | (0.14–1.14) | 23 | 0.43 | 0.26 | (0.07–0.95) | 0.64 | (0.43–0.97) |
| Lung (162) | 276 | 281 | 0.98 | 1.06 | (0.89–1.27) | 360 | 1.09 | 1.18 | (0.97–1.45) | 361 | 1.19 | 1.34 | (1.06–1.71) | 1.10 | (1.02–1.19) |
| Bladder (188) | 54 | 48 | 0.88 | 0.89 | (0.59–1.36) | 56 | 1.22 | 1.33 | (0.81–2.16) | 50 | 1.01 | 0.94 | (0.5–1.80) | 1.03 | (0.85–1.26) |
| Kidney (189) | 36 | 30 | 0.76 | 0.85 | (0.51–1.43) | 36 | 0.87 | 0.94 | (0.52–1.70) | 31 | 0.70 | 0.86 | (0.41–1.83) | 0.96 | (0.75–1.22) |
| Brain (191) | 23 | 29 | 1.26 | 1.25 | (0.70–2.26) | 38 | 1.63 | 1.63 | (0.84–3.17) | 41 | 1.70 | 1.76 | (0.81–3.81) | 1.22 | (0.95–1.56) |
| Lymphatic and haematopoietic tissue (200–208) | 108 | 115 | 1.03 | 1.16 | (0.87–1.54) | 106 | 0.94 | 0.96 | (0.68–1.35) | 102 | 1.06 | 1.12 | (0.74–1.17) | 1.02 | (0.89–1.16) |
| Cardiovascular diseases (390–459) | 1 457 | 1 681 | 1.02 | 1.05 | (0.97–1.13) | 1 676 | 0.96 | 1.00 | (0.91–1.09) | 1 641 | 0.90 | 0.91 | (0.81–1.02) | 0.98 | (0.94–1.01) |
| Ischaemic heart diseases (410–414) | 512 | 570 | 0.99 | 1.00 | (0.88–1.14) | 574 | 0.86 | 0.91 | (0.78–1.06) | 530 | 0.77 | 0.78 | (0.64–0.95) | 0.93 | (0.87–0.99) |
| Respiratory diseases (460–519) | 256 | 244 | 0.88 | 0.92 | (0.76–1.11) | 279 | 1.15 | 1.13 | (0.90–1.40) | 264 | 1.30 | 1.30 | (0.99–1.70) | 1.09 | (1.00–1.19) |
| Digestive diseases (520–579) | 158 | 163 | 0.93 | 0.97 | (0.77–1.24) | 218 | 1.06 | 1.09 | (0.83–1.41) | 186 | 0.94 | 0.97 | (0.69–1.35) | 1.01 | (0.91–1.12) |
| Urinary system diseases (580–599) | 58 | 92 | 1.49 | 1.54 | (1.08–2.21) | 74 | 1.25 | 1.28 | (0.83–1.97) | 67 | 1.26 | 1.42 | (0.84–2.40) | 1.11 | (0.94–1.30) |
a Reference category