Table 3.
Associations between hydrogen sulphide (H 2 S, in quartiles and continuous) and cardiorespiratory morbidity: number of people hospitalized (No.), hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI)
| Diagnosis (ICD-9-CM) |
H
2
S concentrations
|
||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| <25° percentile a |
25°–50° percentile
|
50°–75° percentile
|
>75° percentile
|
Linear trend
|
|||||||||||
| No. | No. | Crude HR | HR | 95% CI | No. | Crude HR | HR | 95% CI | No. | Crude HR | HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | |
| Total cohort | |||||||||||||||
| Cardiovascular diseases (390–459) | 6 666 | 6 090 | 0.99 | 0.99 | (0.95–1.03) | 6 291 | 0.99 | 1.00 | (0.96–1.04) | 6 677 | 1.03 | 1.02 | (0.97–1.07) | 1.00 | (0.99–1.02) |
| Cardiac diseases (390–429) | 3 991 | 3 585 | 0.99 | 0.98 | (0.93–1.03) | 3 580 | 0.97 | 0.98 | (0.92–1.04) | 4 022 | 1.05 | 1.04 | (0.97–1.11) | 1.01 | (0.98–1.03) |
| Ischaemic heart diseases (410–414) | 1 393 | 1 347 | 1.03 | 1.02 | (0.94–1.10) | 1 288 | 0.94 | 0.94 | (0.85–1.03) | 1 426 | 1.01 | 0.99 | (0.88–1.10) | 0.99 | (0.95–1.02) |
| Cerebrovascular diseases (430–438) | 1 635 | 1 482 | 0.98 | 0.98 | (0.91–1.06) | 1 466 | 0.97 | 0.97 | (0.89–1.06) | 1 543 | 0.97 | 0.98 | (0.88–1.10) | 0.99 | (0.96–1.03) |
| Respiratory diseases (460–519) | 4 372 | 4 249 | 0.98 | 0.97 | (0.92–1.01) | 5 628 | 1.02 | 1.01 | (0.96–1.06) | 4 837 | 1.06 | 1.05 | (0.99–1.11) | 1.02 | (1.00–1.03) |
| Acute respiratory infections (460–466,480–487) | 1 447 | 1 441 | 1.00 | 0.96 | (0.89–1.04) | 1 721 | 1.00 | 0.97 | (0.89–1.05) | 1 509 | 1.09 | 1.07 | (0.97–1.18) | 1.02 | (0.98–1.05) |
| COPD (490–492;494;496) | 654 | 592 | 0.96 | 0.94 | (0.84–1.06) | 535 | 0.92 | 0.90 | (0.78–1.04) | 577 | 1.09 | 1.06 | (0.90–1.25) | 1.00 | (0.95–1.05) |
| Asthma (493) | 332 | 355 | 1.01 | 1.00 | (0.86–1.17) | 594 | 1.16 | 1.17 | (0.99–1.38) | 365 | 1.11 | 1.09 | (0.90–1.33) | 1.04 | (0.98–1.11) |
| Children 0 – 14 years old | |||||||||||||||
| Respiratory diseases (460–519) | 1 457 | 1 522 | 1.00 | 0.99 | (0.92–1.07) | 2 420 | 1.07 | 1.08 | (0.99–1.17) | 1 499 | 1.10 | 1.11 | (1.01–1.22) | 1.04 | (1.01–1.07) |
| Acute respiratory infections (460–466,480–487) | 573 | 669 | 1.10 | 1.02 | (0.91–1.15) | 925 | 1.15 | 1.10 | (0.97–1.25) | 617 | 1.25 | 1.20 | (1.04–1.38) | 1.06 | (1.02–1.11) |
| Asthma (493) | 257 | 267 | 0.98 | 0.99 | (0.83–1.19) | 506 | 1.23 | 1.29 | (1.06–1.55) | 276 | 1.11 | 1.13 | (0.91–1.41) | 1.07 | (0.99–1.14) |
a Reference category