Comparison of promoter/enhancer activities of variants at rs7163757 in the VPS13C locus. Luciferase reporter assay performed in 4 cell lines (HEK293, MIN6, 1.1B4, and EndoC-βH1). The risk single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) caused a significant reduction in enhancer activity in HEK293, MIN6, and 1.1B4 (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 calculated using ratio paired Student's t-tests). Error bars represent SE from either 3 (HEK293 and MIN6) or 4 (1.1B4 and EndoC-βH1) independent experiments. P = 0.1 for the effect of the risk allele in EndoC-βH1 cells.