Table 3. Relative Risks of Stroke According to Serum Adiponectin Levels in the 12 Identified Studies.
| First author | Year | Comparison | RR (95% CI) | Adjustment for Covariates |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Söderberg S36 | 2004 | Sex, age, date/type of health survey, region, BMI, smoking, hypertension, cholesterol, and diabetes mellitus | ||
| Men | Q4 (≥17.3) vs. Q1 (<8.3) | 1.08 (0.56–2.08) | ||
| Per 5 μg/ml | 1.03 (0.89–1.21) | |||
| Women | Q4 (≥27.6) vs. Q1 (<14.5) | 0.85 (0.44–1.63) | ||
| Per 5 μg/ml | 0.97 (0.88–1.07) | |||
| Matsumoto M37 | 2008 | Q4 (>12.4; median, 14.35) vs. Q1 (<5.6; median, 4.25) | 0.87 (0.49–1.54) | Age, sex, HDL cholesterol, triglyceride, BMI, current smoking, systolic blood pressure, and high-sensitivity CRP. |
| Per standard-deviation increase in log μg/ml | 1.06 (0.86–1.31) | |||
| Per 5 μg/ml | 0.95 (0.69–1.31) | |||
| David J Stott38 | 2009 | |||
| Per standard-deviation increase (4.89 μg/ml) | 0.86 (0.72–1.03) | |||
| Per standard-deviation increase (4.89 μg/ml) | 0.78 (0.62–0.97)* | |||
| Ogorodnikova AD39 | 2010 | Q4 (>18.8; median, 22.65) vs. Q1 (<5.2; median, 2.3) | 1.25 (0.88–1.79) | Age, race/ethnicity, BMI groups, type 2 diabetes, smoking, hypertension, LDL-C, HDL-C, METs, CRP, and aspirin use. |
| Per 5 μg/ml | 1.08 (0.99–1.17) | |||
| P. Khalili40 | 2010 | Q5 (median, 16.57) vs. Q1 (median, 2.37) | 0.98 (0.65–1.47)* | |
| Per 5 μg/ml | 1.04 (0.95–1.13)* | |||
| Rajpathak SN41 | 2011 | Q4 (median, 46) vs. Q1 (median, 14.8) | 1.16 (0.82–1.63)* | Age, ethnicity, BMI, current smoking, physical activity, NSAIDs use, hypertension medication use, systolic blood pressure, history of coronary and artery diseases, HDL cholesterol, triglyceride, diabetes, and waist circumference. |
| Per 5 μg/ml | 1.01 (0.97–1.06)* | |||
| Prugger C42 | 2012 | Systolic blood pressure, antihypertensive treatment, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, waist circumference, diabetes mellitus, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. | ||
| Per standard-deviation increase | 1.53 (1.01–2.34)* | |||
| Per 5 μg/ml | 1.40 (1.14–1.71)* | |||
| Wannamethee SG43 | 2013 | Q4 (>10.839, median, 12.775) vs. Q1 (<4.346, median, 3.037) | 0.73 (0.48–1.10) | Age, BMI, diabetes mellitus, angina, atrial fibrillation, smoking, social class, alcohol intake, physical activity, lung function, systolic blood pressure, and use of antihypertensive drugs. |
| Per 5 μg/ml | 0.94 (0.75–1.19) | |||
| Gardener H44 | 2013 | Q4 (13.8–53.3, median, 33.55) vs. Q1 (2.1–7.0, median, 4.55) | 1.64 (1.01–2.63) | Age, sex, race/ethnicity, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, waist circumference, moderate alcohol use, moderate-heavy physical activity, previous cardiac disease history, and hs-CRP. |
| Per 5 μg/ml | 1.16 (1.03–1.31) | |||
| Bidulescu A45 | 2013 | Age, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, blood pressure medication, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, C-reactive protein, insulin resistance by HOMA-IR, smoking, and physical activity. | ||
| Men | Per standard-deviation increase in log μg/ml | 1.18 (0.79–1.74)* | ||
| Women | Per standard-deviation increase in log μg/ml | 1.41 (1.04–1.91)* | ||
| Kizer JR46 | 2013 | Per standard-deviation increase (7.9 μg/ml) | <20 μg/ml, 1.10 (0.89–1.35)* | Age, sex, race, BMI, income, education, centre, smoking status, alcohol use, systolic blood pressure, antihypertensive medication, oestrogen replacement therapy, eGFR, aspirin use, health status, albumin, subclinical CVD, pre/diabetes mellitus, LDL-cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and hs-CRP. |
| Per standard-deviation increase (7.9 μg/ml) | ≥20 μg/ml, 1.16 (0.97–1.38)* | |||
| Per 5 μg/ml | 1.07 (0.98–1.16)* | |||
| Arregui M11 | 2014 | Q3 (median, 9.4) vs. Q1 (median, 3.5) | 1.94 (1.22–3.06)* | Age, waist circumference, smoking status (never smoker, former smoker, current smoker <20 cigarettes per day, current smoker ≥20 cigarettes per day), sports activity (<2 h/week, ≥2 h/week), education (vocational school or less, technical school, university), alcohol consumption (men: 0, >0–12, >12–24, >24; women: 0, >0–6, >6–12, >12 g/day), prevalent hypertension, fasting status (yes/no), prevalent diabetes, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, and hs-CRP. |
| Men | Per 5 μg/ml | 1.15 (0.76–1.73)* | ||
| Women | Per 5 μg/ml | 1.30 (1.02–1.67)* |
*Estimates specific to ischemic stroke; Q = quintiles or quartiles.