Table 1.

Overview of main themes and sub-themes with definitions.

Main themes	Sub-themes	Definitions
Patient  behaviour		Patients acting out as the reason for  the violence
	Cognitive  impairment	Patient’s mental competency affected,  e.g. dementia, confusion, agitation,  intoxication, children
	Demanding  to leave	Patient demanding and/or attempting  to leave the hospital before being  discharged
Patient  care	Needles	Staff providing patient care/working  in close proximity with the patient  Placing intravenous lines, giving  injections
	Pain/  discomfort	Physical procedures causing direct  pain/discomfort to patient, e.g.  intubation, x-ray
	Physical  transfers	Physically assisting patient, e.g. from  bed to wheelchair, chair to  examination table
Situational  events		Situations infringing on patient  freedom of mobility
	Restraints	Holding or physical/chemical  restraints applied to patient
	Transitions	During hospital admission process;  post-op/recovery
	Intervening	Attempts to stop a patient from  acting  out or harming others
	Redirecting	Helping a patient back into bed/back  to hospital room.