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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Pain. 2016 Mar 15;17(6):719–728. doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2016.02.013

Table 2.

Means and standard errors and effect sizes for the pre- and post-tests for each pain test and condition

Condition Control
Isometric*
Moderate AE
Vigorous AE
Age group Young Older Young Older Young Older Young Older
PPT (kg)
 Pre 2.91±0.23 3.62±0.29 2.77±0.27 3.90±0.32 2.97±0.22 3.39±0.27 2.72±0.21 3.45±0.26
 Post 2.90±0.22 3.80±0.27 3.00±0.26 3.99±0.30 3.11±0.22 3.51±0.28 3.10±0.23 3.55±0.29
 ES −0.01 0.21 0.27 0.09 0.18 0.14 0.49 0.12
PPS (0–100 NRS)
 Pre 57.15±6.1 44.48±7.3 59.79±5.5 45.65±6.6 54.51±5.2 44.49±6.6 56.35±5.2 50.84±6.7
 Post 60.59±6.2 42.58±7.5 57.23±5.6 45.29±6.7 51.53±5.5 50.63±7.1 55.35±5.8 48.03±7.5
 ES −0.23 0.08 0.14 0.01 0.16 −0.28 0.06 0.13
TS max
 Pre 7.82±2.0 10.20±2.4 13.70±2.6 9.09±3.0 11.47±2.4 8.07±3.2 11.95±2.5 9.78±3.4
 Post 9.29±2.1 9.04±2.4 10.18±2.4 10.70±2.7 8.99±1.9 6.72±2.6 12.79±2.3 7.00±3.1
 ES −0.23 0.15 0.45 −0.18 0.37 0.14 −0.11 0.27
AUC heat pain
 Pre 215.87±16.4 201.97±20.3 213.36±19.0 203.78±20.9 235.39±17.0 180.88±21.1 242.07±19.5 179.63±24.2
 Post 204.44±19.6 143.88±23.6 190.62±18.6 166.06±20.5 211.76±17.6 152.19±21.7 202.73±18.1 155.93±22.4
 ES 0.20 0.83 0.38 0.58 0.44 0.42 0.66 0.34

Note. AE=aerobic exercise. PPT=pressure pain threshold. PPS=pressure pain suprathreshold test. TS=temporal summation. AUC=area under the curve. Effect sizes (ES) represent the magnitude of change from pretest to posttest. A positive ES indicates pain was reduced following exercise or quiet rest.

*

AUC values by sex for Isometric condition: Young Male pre=183.10±22.7 post=183.12±25.4; Young female pre=205.16±24.3 post=165.87±23.8; Older male pre=148.86±31.6 post=136.93±31.0; Older female pre=258.69±37.9 post=195.19±37.8.