Table 1.
Parameter | Phenotype | Strain and Sex | Test | Reversible? | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Anxiety-like behavior | Decreased anxiety-like behavior | Swiss Webster (m) | OF | Arentsen et al., 2015 | |
No change in anxiety-like behavior | Swiss Webster (m) BALB/c (m) |
SD | Bercik et al., 2011a | ||
Decreased anxiety-like behavior | Swiss Webster (m) | LDB | Yes | Clarke et al., 2013 | |
Increased anxiety like behavior | F344 rat (m) | OF | Crumeyrolle-Arias et al., 2014 | ||
Altered anxiety-like behavior | C57BL/6N (m & f) | LD: decreased anxiety SD: increased anxiety |
De Palma et al., 2015 | ||
No change in anxiety-like behavior | Swiss Webster (f) | LDB | Gareau et al., 2011 | ||
Decreased anxiety-like behavior | NMRI (m) | OF, LDB, EPM | Yes: EPM No: LDB, OF |
Heijtz et al., 2011 | |
Decreased anxiety-like behavior | Swiss Webster (f) | EPM | Neufeld et al., 2011 | ||
Learning & memory | No change in olfactory memory | Swiss Webster (m) | STFP | Desbonnet et al., 2014 | |
Impaired short-term recognition and working memory | Swiss Webster (f) | NOR, TM | Gareau et al., 2011 | ||
Locomotor behavior | Increased locomotor and rearing behaviors | NMRI (m) | OF | Yes | Heijtz et al., 2011 |
No change in locomotor activity | Swiss Webster (f) | – | Neufeld et al., 2011 | ||
Self-grooming | Increased self-grooming time | Swiss Webster (m) | – | Desbonnet et al., 2014 | |
Social cognition | No preference for novel vs familiar mouse | Swiss Webster (m>f) | TCS | Yes | Desbonnet et al., 2014 |
Social preference | Increased social interaction with conspecific | Swiss Webster (m) | TCS | Arentsen et al., 2015 | |
Social avoidance of conspecific | Swiss Webster (m>f) | TCS | No | Desbonnet et al., 2014 |
Abbreviations: EPM, elevated plus maze; f, female; LDB, light-dark box; m, male; m>f, phenotype expressed more strongly in males than females; NOR, novel object recognition test; OF, open field test; SD, step-down test; STFP, social transmission of food preference test; TM, T-maze; TCS, 3-chambered sociability test.
Summary of the behavioral profile of GF mice. Experiments which are reversible or irreversible with bacterial colonization are indicated with ‘Yes’ or ‘No,’ respectively.