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. 2015 Dec 6;183(1):53–60. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwv153

Table 3.

Risk of Mortality per Standard-Deviation Increment of Thigh Muscle Composition and Strength After Additional Adjustment for Other Muscle Parameters (Model 3a) in Participants From the AGES-Reykjavik Study, 2002–2006

Menb (n = 2,065)
 Women (n = 2,759)
HR 95% CI HR 95% CI
Muscle lean area, cm2 0.78 0.71, 0.85 0.85 0.78, 0.93
 + Knee extension strength 0.84 0.76, 0.92 0.91 0.83, 1.00
 + Intermuscular adipose tissue 0.80 0.73, 0.88 0.86 0.78, 0.93
 + Intramuscular adipose tissue 0.82 0.75, 0.90 0.86 0.79, 0.94
 + Intermuscular adipose tissue + knee extension strength 0.86 0.78, 0.94 0.91 0.83, 1.00
 + Intramuscular adipose tissue + knee extension strength 0.87 0.79, 0.95 0.91 0.83, 1.00
Thigh muscle quality (strength/area) 0.89 0.83, 0.95 0.88 0.82, 0.94
 + Intermuscular adipose tissue 0.89 0.83, 0.95 0.88 0.82, 0.94
 + Intramuscular adipose tissue 0.91 0.86, 0.97 0.89 0.82, 0.95
Knee extension strength, N 0.79 0.73, 0.86 0.81 0.75, 0.88
 + Muscle lean area 0.84 0.77, 0.91 0.83 0.77, 0.90
 + Intermuscular adipose tissue 0.80 0.74, 0.87 0.81 0.75, 0.88
 + Intramuscular adipose tissue 0.83 0.77, 0.90 0.82 0.76, 0.89
 + Muscle lean area + intermuscular adipose tissue 0.84 0.77, 0.91 0.83 0.77, 0.90
 + Muscle lean area + intramuscular adipose tissue 0.86 0.79, 0.94 0.84 0.77, 0.91
Intermuscular adipose tissue, cm2 1.13 1.06, 1.22 0.99 0.92, 1.07
 + Muscle lean area 1.07 0.99, 1.15 1.00 0.93, 1.07
 + Knee extension strength 1.10 1.02, 1.18 0.99 0.92, 1.07
 + Intramuscular adipose tissue 1.04 0.96, 1.12 0.97 0.89, 1.04
 + Muscle lean area + knee extension strength 1.06 0.98, 1.14 1.00 0.93, 1.07
 + Muscle lean area + knee extension strength + intramuscular adipose tissue 0.99 0.92, 1.08 0.98 0.91, 1.06
Intramuscular adipose tissue, HU 1.23 1.15, 1.30 1.08 1.01, 1.16
 + Muscle lean area 1.18 1.11, 1.26 1.08 1.00, 1.16
 + Knee extension strength 1.18 1.11, 1.26 1.05 0.98, 1.13
 + Intermuscular adipose tissue 1.21 1.13, 1.29 1.09 1.01, 1.18
 + Muscle lean area + knee extension strength 1.16 1.09, 1.24 1.05 0.98, 1.13
 + Muscle lean area + knee extension strength + intermuscular adipose tissue 1.16 1.08, 1.25 1.06 0.98, 1.14

Abbreviations: AGES, Age, Gene/Environment Susceptibility; CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; HU, Hounsfield units; N, newtons.

a Results were adjusted for age, body mass index, educational level, smoking status, physical activity level, gait speed, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, coronary heart disease, and C-reactive protein, with additional adjustment for other muscle composition measures.

b Among men, age and C-reactive protein did not meet the Schoenfeld criteria in all models and therefore were modeled as time-varying covariates.