Table 5.
Adjusted hazard ratios and 95 % confidence intervals for the associations between maternal birthplace and education and neonatal/postneonatal mortality, net of covariates, for all infants and stratified by infant sex: Haitian-origin and Canadian-born women in Québec, 1990–2005
| Neonatal mortalitya | Postneonatal mortalityb | |
|---|---|---|
| Adjusted HR (95 % CI) | Adjusted HR (95 % CI) | |
| All Infants | ||
| Maternal birthplace | ||
| Canada | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Haiti | 2.13 (1.76, 2.57) | 1.26 (0.90, 1.76) |
| Maternal education | ||
| Less than high school | 1.45 (1.28, 1.64) | 1.91 (1.64, 2.24) |
| High school | 1.32 (1.16, 1.50) | 1.54 (1.30, 1.82) |
| Some college | 1.13 (1.02, 1.25) | 1.09 (0.94, 1.26) |
| University or higher | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Missing | 1.71 (1.51, 1.94) | 1.58 (1.30, 1.91) |
| Number of observations | 1,104,063 | 1,101,264 |
| Male infants | ||
| Maternal birthplace | ||
| Canada | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Haiti | 1.95 (1.49, 2.53) | 1.30 (0.84, 2.02) |
| Maternal education | ||
| Less than high school | 1.48 (1.26, 1.75) | 1.98 (1.61, 2.42) |
| High school | 1.40 (1.19, 1.65) | 1.52 (1.22, 1.89) |
| Some college | 1.12 (0.98, 1.28) | 1.04 (0.86, 1.26) |
| University or higher | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Missing | 1.76 (1.49, 2.08) | 1.63 (1.27, 2.09) |
| Number of observations | 566,874 | 565,273 |
| Female infants | ||
| Maternal birthplace | ||
| Canada | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Haiti | 2.37 (1.80, 3.13) | 1.21 (0.72, 2.03) |
| Maternal education | ||
| Less than high school | 1.41 (1.17, 1.70) | 1.84 (1.44, 2.35) |
| High school | 1.21 (0.99, 1.48) | 1.57 (1.21, 2.03) |
| Some college | 1.14 (0.98, 1.33) | 1.15 (0.92, 1.45) |
| University or higher | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Missing | 1.65 (1.36, 2.01) | 1.51 (1.12, 2.04) |
| Number of observations | 537,189 | 535,991 |
Bold indicates HRs for which 95 % CIs do not overlap 1.00. Sex-stratified models adjusted for birth cohort, maternal age, marital status, parity, and providence of residence. Non-stratified model also adjusted for infant sex along with other covariates in the sex-stratified models
aHazard ratios and 95 % CIs from Weibull model in proportional hazards metric
bHazard ratios and 95 % CIs from Cox proportional hazards model