Table 7.
Effect of warfarin and antithrombotics on the risk of upper gastrointestinal bleeding
| Cases (n = 152) n (%) |
Controls (n = 1000) n (%) |
Odds ratiosa
(95 % CI) |
P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Warfarin | ||||
| Non-useb | 128 (84.2) | 887 (88.7) | 1 (−) | |
| Current use | 23 (15.1) | 102 (10.2) | 1.79 (0.94–3.41) | 0.08 |
| < 1 month | 5 (3.3) | 5 (0.5) | 7.76 (1.69–35.68) | 0.01 |
| 1–12 months | 8 (5.3) | 43 (4.3) | 0.99 (0.40–2.47) | 0.98 |
| > 1 year | 10 (6.6) | 54 (5.4) | 2.11 (0.83–5.33) | 0.11 |
| Recent use | 1 (0.7) | 5 (0.5) | 1.83 (0.19–17.60) | 0.60 |
| Past use | 0 (0.0) | 6 (0.6) | – | |
| Antithrombotic | ||||
| Non-use AP and non-use warfarinb | 10 (6.6) | 55 (5.5) | 1 (−) | |
| Current AP and non-current warfarin | 107 (70.4) | 789 (78.9) | 0.68 (0.31–1.49) | 0.34 |
| Non-current AP and current warfarin | 11 (7.2) | 74 (7.4) | 0.66 (0.24–1.85) | 0.43 |
| Current AP and current warfarin | 12 (7.9) | 28 (2.8) | 1.67 (0.56–4.96) | 0.35 |
AP antiplatelets
aEstimates adjusted by age, sex, calendar year, time of follow up after serious coronary event, health services utilisation, smoking, proton pump inhibitor, antithrombotic and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use, type of serious coronary event and prior peptic ulcer disease using a logistic regression model
bReference category