Table 1.
Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of EOs (%, v/v) and drugs (μg/mL) against Candida spp. evaluated by the broth microdilution (BM) and vapour contact (VC) methods
| Essential oils/drugs | Methods | C.albicans (n = 26) | C.glabrata (n = 10) | C.tropicalis (n = 10) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Range | MIC 50 | MIC 90 | range | MIC 50 | MIC 90 | range | MIC 50 | MIC 90 | ||
| Thyme red | BM | 0.03–0.25 | 0.03 | 0.125 | 0.06–0.25 | 0.06 | 0.125 | 0.06–0.25 | 0.06 | 0.25 |
| VC | <0.0038 | <0.0038 | <0.0038 | <0.0019–0.03 | 0.0078 | 0.015 | 0.0075–0.015 | 0.0038 | 0.0038 | |
| Fennel | BM | 0.25–1 | 0.25 | 1 | 0.25–1 | 0.25 | 1 | 0.5–1 | 1 | 1 |
| VC | 0.25–1 | 0.25 | 0.5 | 0.25–1 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25–1 | 0.25 | 0.5 | |
| Clove | BM | 0.25–1 | 0.25 | 1 | 0.25–1 | 0.25 | 1 | 0.125–1 | 0.25 | 1 |
| VC | 0.25–1 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.25–0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.06–1 | 0.06 | 0.25 | |
| Pine | BM | 0.03–0.06 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.0075–0.5 | 0.015 | 0.25 | 0.015–0.5 | 0.03 | 0.5 |
| VC | 0.5–1 | 1 | 1 | 0.5–1 | 1 | 1 | 0.5–1 | 1 | 1 | |
| Sage | BM | 0.5–1 | 1 | 1 | 0.5–1 | 1 | 1 | 0.5–1 | 1 | 1 |
| VC | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.125–0.25 | 0.125 | 0.25 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.06 | |
| Lemon balm | BM | 0.5–1 | 1 | 1 | 0.5–1 | 0.125 | 1 | 0.06–0.5 | 0.25 | 0.25 |
| VC | 0.015–0.03 | 0.015 | 0.015 | 0.015–0.06 | 0.03 | 0.06 | 0.0038–0.015 | 0.015 | 0.015 | |
| Lavender | BM | 0.5–1 | 1 | 1 | 0.5–1 | 0.25 | 1 | 0.125–1 | 0.25 | 1 |
| VC | 0.0019–0.06 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.0075–0.06 | 0.03 | 0.06 | 0.015–0.06 | 0.03 | 0.06 | |
| Fluconazole | BM | 0.5- > 64 | 0.50 | 4.00 | 0.125- > 64 | 4.00 | 64.00 | 0.25- > 64 | 2.00 | 16 |
| Voriconazole | BM | 0.008–8 | 0.06 | 0.12 | 0.008–8 | 0.25 | 4.00 | 0.032–8 | 0.12 | 2.00 |
Results were obtained from 3 independent experiments performed in duplicate and expressed as modal results