Table 3.

Standardized estimates and p values of the group effects and the contrasts for CSF. This table provides the standardized estimates and p values for the group effects (POCD/delirium (DLR) or no POCD/DLR) and the contrasts for CSF in the linear mixed effects model. The statistical significance of change at each postoperative time point was tested as a contrast only for the CSF cytokines that have a (marginally) significant overall time trend in the changes at postoperative time points from the preoperative measure. For these markers, neither of the group effect nor the time*group interaction was significant, and therefore, they were excluded from the models. The contrasts “change from the preoperative measure to 3 h,” “change from the preoperative measure to 6 h,” and “change from the preoperative measure to 18 h” signify whether there was a significant change in the concentration of a specific cytokine at 3, 6, and 18 h after surgery compared to the preoperative measurement. All values are in pg ml⁻¹

Marker (CSF)	Change from the pre-op to 3 h	Change from the pre-op to 6 h	Change from the pre-op to 18 h	POCD/delirium
CSF IL-5	−2.0244*	0.7591	2.1854**	–
CSF IL-6	1.2427	2.5724**	5.1566***	–
CSF IL-8	0.3551	3.4991***	3.2646***	–
CSF IL-12p70	−0.0414	1.8853*	0.9397	–
CSF MCP-1	0.4484	5.3716***	3.6158***	–
CSF MIP-1α	3.0862**	3.3400***	4.6466***	–
CSF MIP-1β	3.9098***	4.0916***	2.8341**	–
CSF IL-8/IL-10	0.2125	−1.8157*	−1.4464

*0.05 < p value < 0.1; **0.01 < p value < 0.05; ***p value < 0.01