Table 1.
Differences between chronic whiplash associated disorders (cWAD) patients and healthy volunteers.
| Healthy volunteers (n = 8) |
cWAD patients (n = 12) |
p-Values | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 25 | [23 − 30] | 35 | [28–40] | 0.14 |
| BMI | 25 | [23–28] | 24 | [21–27] | 0.49 |
| VAS | 0 | 6 | [5–7] | < 0.01 | |
| WDQ | 0 | 62 | [54–69] | < 0.01 | |
| NDI | 0 | 25 | [20–27] | < 0.01 | |
| HADS | 0 | 8 | [5–14] | < 0.01 | |
| Perception threshold (mA) | 31 | [25–41] | 30 | [20–34] | 0.32 |
| Pain threshold (mA) | 75 | [72–89] | 64 | [60–70] | 0.02 |
Median [Interquartile range]. Group difference explored using Mann-Whitney test. BMI: body mass index; VAS: last 3 months average neck pain measured with the visual analog scale; WDQ: Whiplash Disability Questionnaire; NDI: Neck Disability Index; HADS: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; mA: milliamperes.