Table 1.
Peptides/small molecules-modified nanoparticles for intracellular delivery.
| Peptides/small molecules | Nano-carriers | Cells or animals | Effect |
|---|---|---|---|
| TATp | Superparamagnetic iron oxide particle [96,97] | CD34+ cells | For intracellular labeling, MRI, magnetic separation of homed cells, cell imaging |
| TATp | Liposomes [98–100] | Mouse NIH/3T3 fibroblasts, human BT20 cells, and rat H9C2, U-87 MG cells | To show the potential of TAT-liposome for intracellular delivery, and the intracellular gene delivery in vitro and in vivo |
| TATp | SLN [101] | Bronchial epithelial cells and mice | To optimize gene transfer and offer the opportunity for further studies in large animal models |
| TATp | PEI-PEG conjugate [103] | A459 cells and mice | A new approach to non-viral gene carriers for lung therapy, comprising protection for plasmid DNA, low toxicity and significantly enhanced transfection efficiency under in vivo conditions |
| TATp | PEI-β-CyD conjugate [104] | Placental mesenchymal stem cells (PMSCs) | To improve the transfection efficiency to PMSCs |
| NLS | DOTAP:DOPE (1:1 w/w) liposome [105] | SKnSH mammalian neuroblastoma cells | To improve the efficiency and efficacy of non-viral methods of gene therapy |
| NLS | pH sensitive liposome [106] | Rat peritoneal macrophages | To deliver bovine serum albumin into the nucleus |
| NLS | Cobalt(II)-polybenzimidazole [107] | Various cell lines | To enhance expression of the transgenes |
| DBP (NF-κB) | PLGA/PEI nanospheres [108] | COS7 cells and human monocyte-derived dendritic cells | To enhance intracellular transport |
| DBP(HMG-1) | Linear PEI and branch PEI-based nano-particles [109,110] | Mammalian cells | To improve their gene transfer efficiency by non-viral carriers with peptides |
| DEX | PEI-based nanoparticles [112] | HepG2 cells, 293 cells | To increase the membrane perturbation and transfection efficiency |
| DEX | HA-PEI [114,115] | B16F10 cells and tumor-bearing nude mice | For double level targeted gene delivery with DNA ternary complexes |
| ATRA | PEI [118] | NIH3T3 cells, HeLa cells | To evaluate the nuclear translocation of ATRA-enriched nanoparticles |
| ATRA | Cationic liposome [119] | A mouse of metastatic lung tumor | For lung therapy |
| CaP | Asymmetric liposome with a CaP core [120–122] | H460 cells, B16F10 cells and mice | To increase the cargo delivery and release activity |
| CR8C | Cationic liposomes with a CaP core [125] | Mouse liver | To deliver pDNA to the nuclei of mouse hepatocytes |