Figure 1.

Defects in mmd1 in Meiotic Chromosome Condensation.

(A) to (D) Metaphase I chromosome behaviors analyzed by FISH in the wild type (A) and mmd1 ([B] to [D]). Red color represents the centromere FISH signals.

(E) to (G) Estimate of average areas of fluorescent signals in the centromere and metaphase I chromosome area in the wild type and mmd1 determined by Image J.

(E) Determination of the average area of fluorescence in wild-type and mmd1 centromeres. The total number of cells used for analysis of wild-type and mmd1 were 31 and 37, respectively, with weak (15), moderate (10), and severe (12) phenotypes of mutant cells. Images in (F) were used to determine chromosome area. Average metaphase chromosome area for the wild type (n = 53) and mmd1 (n = 67) is shown in (G). Bars = 5 μm. Data are represented as mean ± sd. *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01, two-tailed Student’s t test.