Table 3.
Country | Overall (n=17009) |
Married (n=10792) |
Widowed (n=5313) |
p-value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Household wealth |
||||||
China | Poorest Q | 16.4 | 13.4 | 31.6 | <.0001 | |
Wealthiest Q | 21.9 | 23.0 | 15.8 | <.0001 | ||
Ghana | Poorest Q | 20.0 | 15.4 | 24.1 | <.0001 | |
Wealthiest Q | 18.0 | 20.5 | 12.4 | <.0001 | ||
India | Poorest Q | 19.4 | 17.7 | 23.7 | <.0001 | |
Wealthiest Q | 23.4 | 25.3 | 17.3 | <.0001 | ||
Russian Federation | Poorest Q | 16.4 | 8.9 | 23.9 | <.0001 | |
Wealthiest Q | 21.8 | 26.1 | 13.9 | <.0001 | ||
South Africa | Poorest Q | 21.1 | 13.9 | 21.3 | .0001 | |
Wealthiest Q | 17.6 | 26.9 | 12.6 | <.0001 | ||
Education | ||||||
China | none | 32.7 | 30.3 | 41.7 | <.0001 | |
Ghana | none | 62.9 | 62.7 | 69.7 | .0039 | |
India | none | 73.0 | 71.0 | 80.1 | <.0001 | |
Russian Federation | none | 0.7 | 1.0 | 0.6 | ns | |
South Africa | none | 27.5 | 21.9 | 32.6 | <.0001 | |
Household size | ||||||
China | 1 | 11.7 | 2.8 | 43.8 | <.0001 | |
2 | 48.2 | 58.2 | 16.5 | <.0001 | ||
3+ | 40.2 | 39.0 | 39.7 | ns | ||
Ghana | 1 | 7.9 | 2.3 | 10.8 | <.0001 | |
2 | 12.6 | 9.7 | 13.4 | .0110 | ||
3+ | 79.6 | 88.1 | 75.8 | <.0001 | ||
India | 1 | 3.0 | 0.1 | 7.5 | <.0001 | |
2 | 9.2 | 13.0 | 6.4 | <.0001 | ||
3+ | 87.8 | 86.9 | 86.1 | ns | ||
Russian Federation |
1 | 29.1 | 1.2 | 54.3 | <.0001 | |
2 | 42.4 | 66.5 | 23.3 | <.0001 | ||
3+ | 28.5 | 32.3 | 22.4 | <.0001 | ||
South Africa | 1 | 14.5 | 7.7 | 14.6 | <.0001 | |
2 | 18.9 | 27.2 | 14.8 | <.0001 | ||
3+ | 66.6 | 65.1 | 70.6 | .0206 | ||
Food scarce | ||||||
China | Scarce | 0.8 | 0.6 | 1.1 | ns | |
Ghana | Scarce | 44.1 | 42.0 | 49.4 | .0036 | |
India | Scarce | 17.6 | 15.3 | 22.8 | <.0001 | |
Russian Federation |
Scarce | 14.5 | 16.0 | 11.3 | .0022 | |
South Africa |
Scarce | 34.3 | 27.1 | 34.4 | .0023 | |
BMI | ||||||
China | underweight | 4.2 | 4.0 | 5.2 | ns | |
Ghana | underweight | 14.4 | 14.0 | 14.0 | ns | |
India | underweight | 38.8 | 36.3 | 42.9 | .0004 | |
Russian Federation | underweight | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ns | |
South Africa | underweight | 2.6 | 1.9 | 1.8 | ns | |
in pension households | ||||||
China | yes | 43.8 | 44.5 | 42.6 | ns | |
Ghana | yes | 5.8 | 9.8 | 2.1 | <.0001 | |
India | yes | 15.8 | 16.9 | 15.9 | ns | |
Russian Federation | yes | 86.4 | 89.4 | 87.9 | ns | |
South Africa | yes | 59.0 | 57.3 | 63.1 | .0203 | |
worked in the last 7 days | ||||||
China | yes | 34.8 | 36.1 | 30.9 | .0006 | |
Ghana | yes | 68.2 | 70.4 | 66.4 | ns | |
India | yes | 19.9 | 21.1 | 21.7 | ns | |
Russian Federation | yes | 41.1 | 39.8 | 36.9 | ns | |
South Africa | yes | 22.2 | 23.2 | 19.7 | ns | |
Self-reported wellbeing |
||||||
China | unhappy/very unhappy |
6.2 | 5.9 | 9.4 | .0001 | |
Ghana | unhappy/very unhappy |
13.7 | 11.2 | 16.7 | .0019 | |
India | unhappy/very unhappy |
11.0 | 7.6 | 16.3 | <.0001 | |
Russian Federation | unhappy/very unhappy |
11.2 | 12.5 | 8.3 | .0024 | |
South Africa | unhappy/very unhappy |
18.4 | 14.7 | 17.9 | ns | |
Conflict | ||||||
China | Moderate/severe | 2.7 | 2.3 | 4.2 | .0023 | |
Ghana | Moderate/severe | 21.7 | 22.7 | 22.1 | ns | |
India | Moderate/severe | 34.5 | 29.3 | 42.1 | <.0001 | |
Russian Federation | Moderate/severe | 11.0 | 9.5 | 10.4 | ns | |
South Africa | Moderate/severe | 20.6 | 17.7 | 26.7 | <.0001 | |
Health | ||||||
China | bad/very bad | 23.8 | 23.0 | 31.8 | <.0001 | |
Ghana | bad/very bad | 18.3 | 18.4 | 18.2 | ns | |
India | bad/very bad | 26.3 | 23.7 | 28.8 | .0018 | |
Russian Federation |
bad/very bad | 22.4 | 21.4 | 25.2 | .0455 | |
South Africa |
bad/very bad | 17.8 | 13.7 | 19.4 | .0027 | |
Depression | ||||||
China | moderate/severe | 4.9 | 4.4 | 10.6 | <.0001 | |
Ghana | moderate/severe | 23.6 | 21.0 | 25.9 | .0221 | |
India | moderate/severe | 31.8 | 26.4 | 39.4 | <.0001 | |
Russian Federation | moderate/severe | 17.0 | 14.0 | 18.7 | .0050 | |
South Africa | moderate/severe | 27.5 | 25.0 | 29.3 | .0601 | |
Feel lonely yesterday |
||||||
China |
Yes | 6.3 | 3.8 | 18.6 | <0.001 | |
Ghana |
Yes | 12.9 | 13.4 | 12.4 | Ns | |
India |
Yes | 20.5 | 18.0 | 23.5 | 0.003 | |
Russian Federation |
Yes | 11.6 | 4.8 | 16.1 | <0.001 | |
South Africa | 10.3 | 8.1 | 10.8 | 0.761 |