IL-27 blockade during macrophage differentiation in the presence of M-CSF-Mφ decreased CD39 expression. (A) M-CSF-Mφ was cultivated during 7 d with M-CSF in the presence of control medium, an anti-IL-27 antibody (5 µg/mL) or its control antibody. CD39 expression was analyzed by flow cytometry. Results are expressed in percent of CD39 expression in monocytes differentiated during 7 d with M-CSF as mean ± SEM (n = 4). (B) CD39 mRNA expression was analyzed by RT-qPCR. Results are expressed in mRNA expression normalized to GAPDH, as mean ± SEM (n = 4). (C, left panel) After stimulation of all type of macrophages generated with LPS (200 ng/mL) during 24 h, the secretion of IL-10 was analyzed by ELISA. Results are expressed in ng/mL as mean ± SEM (n = 5). (C, right panel) IL-10 mRNA expression was analyzed by RT-qPCR. Results are expressed in mRNA expression normalized to GAPDH, as mean ± SEM (n = 4). (D) All type of macrophages generated were stimulated with LPS (200 ng/mL) during 24 h. Expression of PD-L1 by M-CSF-Mφ was analyzed by flow cytometry. Results are expressed in percentage of RFI compared to LPS-stimulated M-CSF-Mφ as 100% (n = 5). *p < 0 .05 compared to differentiation process with control antibody or medium alone.