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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Neurobiol Learn Mem. 2016 Jul 15;133:233–256. doi: 10.1016/j.nlm.2016.07.015

Figure 5. Summary Brain Regions and Types of Costs.

Figure 5

Shows an overall summary of the brain regions which have been shown to modulate different aspects of motivated behavior and overcoming response costs through lesion studies, chemical inactivation, and pharmacological manipulations. (A) Shows brain regions which have been shown to be modulate vigor in a PR (orange) have no effect on PR (grey), and have not been studied (white). (B) Shows brain regions which have been shown to be involved in effort based choice behavior (green), have no effect on effort based choice (grey), and have not be studied (white). (C) Shows brain regions which have been shown to be involved in delay based choice behavior (blue), have no effect on delay based choice (grey), and have not been studied (white). (D) Shows brain regions which have been shown to be involved in risk based choice behavior (red), have no effect on risk based choice (grey), and have not been studied (white). (E) Provides an overall summary of the different types of behavioral tasks each of the different brain regions has been shown to be involved in.