Table 2.
Unadjusted (uPR) and adjusted (aPR) modified Poisson regression results for the association between selected characteristics and time-to-repair among Florida-born infants with spina bifida (SB), 1998–2007 (n = 199) [≤2 vs. >2 days (reference)]
| Characteristics | All infants with SB (n = 199)
|
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted
|
Adjusted
|
|||
| uPR | (95 % CI) | aPR | (95 % CI) | |
| Maternal | ||||
| Age (years) | ||||
| <25 | 0.97 | (0.82–1.14) | 0.94 | (0.77–1.15) |
| 25–29 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| ≥30 | 1.15 | (0.87–1.22) | 0.95 | (0.82–1.21) |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Non-Hispanic Black | 1.02 | (0.84–1.24) | 0.96 | (0.77–1.20) |
| Hispanic | 0.97 | (0.79–1.18) | 0.99 | (0.79–1.25) |
| Nativity | ||||
| Born in United States | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Foreign-born | 1.04 | (0.87–1.25) | 1.12 | (0.93–1.35) |
| Marital status | ||||
| Married | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Not married | 1.11 | (0.95–1.30) | 1.14 | (0.94–1.40) |
| Education | ||||
| High school diploma or more | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| No high school diploma | 0.90 | (0.73–1.11) | 0.88 | (0.71–1.09) |
| Residential ruralitya | ||||
| Urban/urban cluster | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Rural | 0.93 | (0.74–1.18) | 0.96 | (0.76–1.22) |
| Infant | ||||
| Sex | ||||
| Female | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Male | 0.89 | (0.76–1.04) | 0.91 | (0.78–1.07) |
| SB typeb | ||||
| Isolated | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Non-isolated | 0.99 | (0.81–1.22) | 1.05 | (0.86–1.29) |
| Hydrocephalus | ||||
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | 1.46 | (1.01–1.37) | 1.48 | (1.02–2.14) |
| Preterm birth (< 37 weeks) | ||||
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | 1.17 | (1.01–1.37) | 1.19 | (1.01–1.41) |
| Health care system | ||||
| Prenatal carec | ||||
| Adequate care | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Less than adequate care | 1.08 | (0.91–1.29) | 1.11 | (0.93–1.33) |
| Payer at birth hospitalizationd | ||||
| Private payer | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Public payer | 0.96 | (0.82–1.12) | 0.88 | (0.74–1.05) |
| Birth hospital nursery care levele | ||||
| Level III | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Level I or II | 0.72 | (0.52–1.00) | 0.71 | (0.52–0.98) |
Values in italics are statistically significant. Adjusted model was adjusted for all covariates in table
uPR unadjusted prevalence ratio, aPR adjusted prevalence ratio, 95 % CI 95 % confidence interval
Residential rurality was identified using geocoded maternal residence and 2000 US Census data
SB type: isolated SB was SB with no additional coded major defects other than the sequence of defects related to SB
Adequacy of prenatal care was determined using the Kotelchuck Index. Based on Kotelchuck scoring, adequate and adequate plus were considered “adequate care”; inadequate and intermediate care were considered “less than adequate care”
All payers were expected payers. Public insurance included Medicare, Medicaid, and KidCare insurance. Private included employer-based insurance, including military coverage [Civilian Health and Medical Program of the Uniformed Services (CHAMPUS) or TriCare]
Level III is the highest level of hospital nursery care