Figure 4.

Effects of valencene on the expression/production of chemokines and intercellular adhesion molecule in HaCaT cells. HaCaT keratinocytes were pretreated with valencene (10, 50, or 100 μM; 1 h) and then stimulated with TNF-α (10 ng/mL)/IFN-γ (10 ng/mL) for 24 h. (a) CCL17/TARC, CCL22/MDC, CXCL8, MCP-1, GM-CSF, and I-CAM levels were determined in culture supernatants using commercial detection kits and (b) corresponding mRNA expression was determined by RT-PCR. (c) Effects of valencene on cell viability was assessed by XTT. HaCaT cells were treated with VAL for 24 h at the indicated concentration. Data were expressed as the means ± SDs (n = 3 per experiment). ^∗ p < 0.05 versus TNF-α/IFN-γ alone.