Table 2.
First generation | Second generation | Third generation | |
---|---|---|---|
Description | Autologous chondrocyte suspension with periosteum | Autologous chondrocyte suspension with collagen membrane | Autologous chondrocyte suspension in biomaterials |
| |||
Cells source/delivery procedure |
Carticel, periosteum patch ChondroCelect, characterized chondrocyte implantation (expanded population of chondrocytes that expresses a marker profile predictive of the capacity to form stable hyaline-like cartilage in vivo) |
Chondro-Gide Bilayer membrane |
MACI®, CaReS®, Tissucol®, NeoCart type I/III collagen, fibrin glue, type I/III collagen bilayer, BioSeed® C, esterified derivative of hyaluronate Hyalograft® C, fibrin glue + polymer-based scaffold of polyglycolic/polylactic acid and polydioxanone collagen type I gel seeded with autologous chondrocyte directly after isolation |
Adopted from Samsudin and Kamarul, 2015 [101].