Table 2.

Differences of autologous transplantation/implantation generations.

	First generation	Second generation	Third generation
Description	Autologous chondrocyte suspension with periosteum	Autologous chondrocyte suspension with collagen membrane	Autologous chondrocyte suspension in biomaterials
Cells source/delivery procedure	Carticel, periosteum patch ChondroCelect, characterized chondrocyte implantation (expanded population of chondrocytes that expresses a marker profile predictive of the capacity to form stable hyaline-like cartilage in vivo)	Chondro-Gide Bilayer membrane	MACI®, CaReS®, Tissucol®, NeoCart type I/III collagen, fibrin glue, type I/III collagen bilayer, BioSeed® C, esterified derivative of hyaluronate Hyalograft® C, fibrin glue +  polymer-based scaffold of polyglycolic/polylactic acid and polydioxanone collagen type I gel seeded with autologous chondrocyte directly after isolation

Adopted from Samsudin and Kamarul, 2015 [101].