(b).

Preoperative signs	Frequency
Reflexes
Normal upper extremity reflex	30, 44.1
Hyperreflexia of upper extremity	25, 36.8
Hyporeflexia of upper extremity	13, 19.1
Normal lower extremity reflex	43, 63.2
Hyperreflexia in lower extremity	22, 32.4
Hyporeflexia in lower extremity	3, 4.4
Upper extremity muscle power (in one or two dermatomal groups)
3/5	2, 2.9
4/5	48, 70.6
5/5	18, 26.5
Lower extremity muscle power
3/5	1, 1.5
4/5	14, 20.6
5/5	53, 77.9
Hoffmann's sign
Positive	25, 36.8
Negative	43, 63.2
Babinski sign
Upward	18, 26.5
Downward	50, 73.5
Upper extremity hypoesthesia
Positive	40, 58.8
Negative	28, 41.2