Figure 2. Fractions of different cell states following continuous antibiotic treatment of C. glutamicum ATCC 13032 cells at 25 μg/mL for 12 h and at 50 μg/mL for 16.6 h.

Dead cells are identified by a significant increase in PI fluorescence (PI⁺/CALv⁻), antibiotic-tolerant cells are identified by the conversion of CvAM to CALv and its retention (PI⁻/CALv⁺), lysed cells are non-fluorescent and pale in phase contrast images (PI⁻/CALv⁻), segmented cells are bipolar with a dead pole and a tolerant pole (PI⁺/CALv⁻/PI⁻/CALv⁺). Growing cells were defined as non-inhibited with respect to cell elongation for C. glutamicum, whose cells typically undergo snapping cell division. The bactericidal antibiotics EMB and AMP are inhibitors of cell wall synthesis. The bacteriostatic mRNA inhibitor KAN was tested at 25 μg/mL and 50 μg/mL. STR and the bacteriostatic CHL inhibit protein biosynthesis.