Figure 10. Activation of ERK in the osteogenic differentiation of osteoblasts cultured in four alloy extracts for 14 days.

Following serum starvation for 24 h, MC3T3-E1 cells were treated with four serum-free alloy extracts for 0, 5, 15, 30 and 60 min, cells cultured in osteogenic medium were set as control. All data represent the mean ± standard deviation of three independent experiments. *p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01 compared with the 0 min.