Table 3. Multivariate analyses of factors associated with survival and recurrence in hepatocelluar carcinoma patients from test and validation cohorts.
| Variables | OS |
TTR |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | p-value | HR (95% CI) | p-value | |
| Test cohort | ||||
| Serum AFP (>20 vs ≤20) | 2.860(1.742–4.693) | <0.001 | 1.879(1.265–2.790) | 0.002 |
| TNM stage (I vsI I vs III–IV) | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Child-pugh (A vs B) | NA | NA | 2.438(1.353–4.392) | 0.003 |
| Tumor size (>3 cm vs ≤3 cm) | 2.191(1.183–4.059) | 0.013 | NA | NA |
| Tumor number (multiple vs single) | 1.763(1.127–2.759) | 0.013 | 2.493(1.666–3.731) | <0.001 |
| Tumor differentiation (well vs moderate vs poor) | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Microvascular invasion (yes vs no) | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| LASS2 (low vs high) | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| TGF-β1 (low vs high) | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| LASS2 and TGF-β1† | ||||
| GI vs GII vs GIII vs GIV | 0.753(0.631–0.898) | 0.002 | 0.705(0.603–0.824) | <0.001 |
| Validation cohort | ||||
| Liver cirrhosis (yes vs no) | 2.179(1.087–4.369) | 0.028 | 3.755(1.958–7.200) | <0.001 |
| TNM stage (I vsI I vs III–IV) | NA | NA | 1.896(1.234–2.914) | 0.004 |
| Tumor size (>3 cm vs ≤3 cm) | NA | NA | 2.719(1.304–5.671) | 0.008 |
| Tumor number (multiple vs single) | 4.036(2.149–7.580) | <0.001 | NA | NA |
| LASS2 (low vs high) | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| TGF-β1 (low vs high) | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| LASS2 and TGF-β1† | ||||
| GI vs GII vs GIII vs GIV | 0.629(0.444–0.891) | 0.009 | 0.732(0.557–0.962) | 0.025 |
Multivariate analysis: Cox proportional hazards regression model. Variables were adopted for their prognostic significance by univariate analysis.
HbeAg: Hepatitis B e-antigen; HR: Hazard ratio; NA: Not applicable; OS: Overall survival; TTR: Time to recurrence.