208 TDP-43 CTF expression causes progressive neurodegeneration and astrogliosis. (A–D) IHC of littermate controls and 208 TDP-43 Tg mice for endogenous TDP-43 reveals loss of DG neurons at 10 months, with dramatic loss observed at 19 months (arrows). (E) Quantification of DG cell nuclei based on IHC for endogenous TDP-43 shows significant loss of DG neurons in 208 TDP-43 CTF mice from 10 months by two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni's post-test, *P < 0.05 and ***P < 0.001, n = 4 per group per time point. (F–I) 208 TDP-43 Tg mice show astrogliosis concomitant with the neuron loss as shown by IHC for GFAP. Scale bars: A–D, 500 μm; F–I, 100 μm.