Table 2.
Sample Characteristics by Driving Status at Time 2 (N = 5,413)
| T1 and T2 driver | T1 ex-driver–T2 driver | T1 driver–T2 ex-driver | T1 and T2 ex-driver | Never driver | p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (%) | 3,857 (78.06) | 78 (1.39) | 279 (4.45) | 827 (11.07) | 372 (5.03) | |
| Demographics | ||||||
| Agea (years; M, SE) | 74.39 (0.11) | 75.83 (0.79) | 78.22 (0.51) | 80.27 (0.34) | 78.50 (0.50) | <.001 |
| Male (%) | 48.79 | 34.80 | 35.03 | 30.88 | 13.49 | <.001 |
| Race/ethnicity (%) | <.001 | |||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 86.09 | 75.06 | 76.94 | 69.48 | 48.64 | |
| Black | 6.45 | 9.63 | 9.35 | 14.36 | 20.79 | |
| Hispanic | 4.31 | 13.68 | 12.71 | 11.10 | 20.33 | |
| Other | 3.15 | 1.63 | 1.0 | 5.07 | 10.24 | |
| Born in the United States (%) | 91.28 | 87.69 | 84.87 | 84.44 | 59.76 | <.001 |
| Married (%) | 63.01 | 58.04 | 49.38 | 37.48 | 28.26 | <.001 |
| College graduate (%) | 29.64 | 13.36 | 18.55 | 13.83 | 2.91 | <.001 |
| Health and mental health status | ||||||
| No. of newly diagnosed chronic illnesses since T1b (M, SE) | 0.24 (0.01) | 0.17 (0.04) | 0.66 (0.07) | 0.38 (0.04) | 0.34 (0.05) | <.001 |
| Total no. of chronic Illnessesc (M, SE) | 2.41 (0.03) | 3.17 (0.17) | 3.43 (0.13) | 3.32 (0.07) | 3.20 (0.12) | <.001 |
| Self-rated healthc (M, SE) | 2.46 (0.02) | 3.06 (0.04) | 3.43 (0.07) | 3.25 (0.05) | 3.34 (0.06) | <.001 |
| Depressive symptomsc (M, SE) | 2.68 (0.03) | 3.10 (0.19) | 3.63 (0.11) | 3.37 (0.06) | 3.47 (0.10) | <.001 |
| T2–T1 depressive symptom changesd (M, SE) | −0.05 (0.02) | −0.32 (0.28) | 0.28 (0.10) | 0.002 (0.06) | −0.02 (0.12) | .026 |
| Social participation in the preceding month | ||||||
| Visited family/friends not coresiding (%) | 93.67 | 81.42 | 78.48 | 77.0 | 78.0 | <.001 |
| Attended religious services (%) | 60.66 | 61.64 | 45.48 | 45.49 | 53.45 | <.001 |
| Attended club/class/organized activities (%) | 45.84 | 31.38 | 20.59 | 21.89 | 19.09 | <.001 |
| Went out for enjoyment (%) | 88.20 | 79.02 | 60.39 | 60.37 | 57.62 | <.001 |
aBonferronni-corrected analysis of variance (ANOVA): continued driver = resumed driver < all others.
bBonferronni-corrected ANOVA: continued driver < resumed driver < all others
cBonferronni-corrected ANOVA: continued driver < all others.
dBonferronni-corrected ANOVA: continued driver = resumed driver < T1 driver-T2 ex-driver.