Table 3.
Alternative Mobility Resources and Transportation-Caused Barriers Among Drivers and Nondrivers
| T1 (N = 6,680) | T2 (N = 5,413) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Current | Ex-driver | Never driver | p Value | T1 and T2 driver | T1 ex-driver– T2 driver | T1 driver–T2 ex-driver | T1 and T2 ex-driver | Never driver | p Value | |
| N (%) | 4,996 (81.28) | 1,193 (13.51) | 491 (5.21) | 3,857 (78.06) | 78 (1.39) | 279 (4.45) | 827 (11.07) | 372 (5.03) | ||
| Mobility resources (%) | ||||||||||
| Ride from family/friends or paid help | 34.46 | 86.34 | 80.47 | .001 | 36.25 | 67.96 | 87.66 | 87.53 | 74.0 | <.001 |
| Walking or using a wheelchair/scooter | 52.51 | 47.21 | 58.75 | <.001 | 54.15 | 36.11 | 40.56 | 45.62 | 57.51 | <.001 |
| Public transportation | 6.19 | 15.65 | 28.39 | <.001 | 6.28 | 4.37 | 7.49 | 15.38 | 26.18 | <.001 |
| Taxi | 3.39 | 9.27 | 13.43 | <.001 | 3.32 | 4.82 | 4.55 | 8.77 | 16.18 | <.001 |
| Van/shuttle services | 1.30 | 10.75 | 16.16 | <.001 | 1.20 | 7.22 | 15.65 | 14.37 | 16.64 | <.001 |
| Other | 8.10 | 2.15 | 1.41 | <.001 | 9.40 | 2.82 | 3.70 | 2.82 | 3.29 | <.001 |
| Ride from family and walking | 17.23 | 39.01 | 44.97 | <.001 | 18.99 | 19.45 | 34.43 | 37.03 | 40.82 | <.001 |
| Ride from family and public transportation | 2.74 | 9.06 | 18.91 | <.001 | 6.28 | 4.37 | 7.49 | 15.38 | 26.18 | <.001 |
| Ride from family and taxi | 1.44 | 6.01 | 8.50 | <.001 | 1.18 | 3.63 | 3.68 | 5.50 | 10.51 | <.001 |
| Ride from family and van/shuttle services | 0.94 | 9.17 | 10.67 | <.001 | 0.79 | 5.52 | 13.42 | 11.19 | 11.52 | <.001 |
| Walking and public transportation | 5.10 | 13.59 | 24.37 | <.001 | 5.31 | 4.37 | 7.49 | 13.53 | 24.72 | <.001 |
| Walking and taxi | 2.62 | 7.46 | 11.26 | <.001 | 2.62 | 4.82 | 3.61 | 6.57 | 13.25 | <.001 |
| Walking and van/shuttle services | 0.69 | 6.67 | 9.52 | <.001 | 0.67 | 4.73 | 9.58 | 8.49 | 11.25 | <.001 |
| Public transportation and taxi | 2.06 | 5.67 | 7.30 | <.001 | 2.16 | 2.81 | 2.01 | 5.70 | 9.46 | <.001 |
| Ride from family and walking and public transportation | 2.22 | 7.72 | 15.27 | <.001 | 2.29 | 2.90 | 5.65 | 7.89 | 11.10 | <.001 |
| Transportation-caused barriers (%) toa | ||||||||||
| Visiting family/friends not coresiding | n/a | 15.60 | 11.56 | .094 | n/a | n/a | 16.47 | 15.28 | 12.45 | .390 |
| Attending religious services | n/a | 15.13 | 12.87 | .255 | n/a | n/a | 13.85 | 14.68 | 13.55 | .870 |
| Attending clubs/classes/organized activities | n/a | 12.49 | 9.05 | .088 | n/a | n/a | 13.33 | 11.88 | 8.38 | .274 |
| Going out for enjoyment | n/a | 12.88 | 9.60 | .070 | n/a | n/a | 12.58 | 12.08 | 8.18 | .166 |
Notes: n/a = not applicable.
aTime frame was during the preceding month.