Table 1.
Clinical Characteristics of Cohort at Baseline (N = 605)
| Variable | Mean (SD) or n (%) |
|---|---|
| Age (y) | 73.6 (6.25) |
| Sex (% female) | 459 (75.9%) |
| Education (y) | 14.8 (3.56) |
| Minimental status testing (0–30) | 27.7 (2.36) |
| Global cognition (z-score) | 0.05 (0.55) |
| BMI | 30.3 (6.59) |
| Motor performances | |
| Grip strength (lbs) | 57.8 (21.02) |
| Pinch strength (lbs) | 14.6 (5.34) |
| Finger taps in 10 s | 55.0 (8.90) |
| Purdue pegboard | 11.1 (2.25) |
| Time to walk 8 feet (s) | 4.4 (2.03) |
| Steps 8 foot walk | 6.6 (1.60) |
| Time to turn 360° | 5.3 (2.24) |
| Steps 360° turn | 8,4 (2.55) |
| Foot stand duration (s) | 6.5 (3.25) |
| Toe stand duration (s) | 8.5 (2.81) |
| Errors on 8 foot tandem walk | 2.2 (2.53) |
| Self-reported disability | |
| IADL disability | 173 (28.6%) |
| ADL disability | 90 (14.9%) |
| Mobility disability | 166 (27.4%) |
| Vascular risk factors (0–4) | 1.5 (0.86) |
| Hypertension | 465 (76.9%) |
| Diabetes | 163 (26.9%) |
| Smoking | 345 (57.0%) |
| Vascular diseases (0–3) | 0.24 (0.54) |
| Stroke | 21 (3.5%) |
| Myocardial infarction | 50 (8.3%) |
| Congestive heart failure | 31 (5.1%) |
| Claudication | 35 (9.1%) |
| Physical activities (0–3) | 1.2 (0.94) |
Note: ADL = activities of daily living; BMI = body mass index; IADL = instrumental activities of daily living.