Table 1.
Associations between hrHPV and Reproductive Health and Behavior Variables
| n (% of Total pop. screened) | hrHPV n | Prevalence hrHPV (95 % CI) | Age Adjusted OR (95 % CI)a | Multivariate Adjusted OR (95 % CI)b | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | |||||
| 30–34 | 7,083 (23.0) | 971 | 13.7 (12.9–14.5) | 1.65 (1.46–1.87) | 1.61 (1.42–1.83) |
| 35–39 | 7,131 (23.1) | 809 | 11.3 (10.6–12.1) | 1.33 (1.17–1.51) | 1.31 (1.15–1.49) |
| 40–44 | 6,176 (20.0) | 582 | 9.4 (8.7–10.2) | 1.08 (0.95–1.24) | 1.09 (0.95–1.25) |
| 45–49 | 4,402 (14.3) | 386 | 8.8 (7.9–9.6) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) |
| 50–54 | 2,969 (9.6) | 304 | 10.2 (9.2–11.4) | 1.19 (1.01–1.39) | 1.19 (1.01–1.40) |
| 55–59 | 2,015 (6.5) | 230 | 11.4 (10.1–12.9) | 1.34 (1.28–1.59) | 1.32 (1.11–1.58) |
| 60–64 | 1,053 (3.4) | 119 | 11.3 (9.5–13.4) | 1.33 (1.07–1.65) | 1.34 (1.07–1.68) |
| Total | 30,829 | 3401 | 11.0 (10.7–11.4) | ||
| Marital Status | |||||
| Unmarried | 3, 362 (10.9) | 600 | 17.9 (16.6–19.2) | 1.96 (1.78–2.16) | 1.65 (1.48–1.83) |
| Married/Civil Union | 27,467 (89.1) | 2,801 | 10.2 (9.8–10.6) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) |
| Age of Sexual Debut | |||||
| ≤17 | 11,221 (36.4) | 1,333 | 11.9 (11.3–12.5) | 1.13 (1.05–1.20) | 1.04 (0.97–1.13) |
| ≥18 | 19,591 (63.6) | 2,067 | 10.6 (10.1–11.0) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) |
| Number of Lifetime Sexual Partnersc | |||||
| 1 partner | 21,832 (70.8) | 1,950 | 8.9 (8.6–9.3) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) |
| 2 partners | 5,910 (19.2) | 879 | 14.9 (14.0–15.8) | 1.77 (1.62–1.93) | 1.61 (1.47–1.76) |
| ≥3 partners | 2,940 (9.5) | 556 | 18.9 (17.5–20.4) | 2.34 (2.11–2.59) | 1.96 (1.75–2.19) |
| Number of Sexual Partners in the Last 12 Monthsc | |||||
| 0 partners | 5,724 (18.6) | 686 | 12.0 (11.2–12.9) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) |
| 1 partner | 24,792 (78.2) | 2,659 | 10.7 (10.3–11.1) | 0.87 (0.79–0.95) | 0.96 (0.87–1.05) |
| ≥2 partners | 111 (0.4) | 32 | 28.8 (21.2–37.9) | 2.9 (1.90–4.41) | 1.75 (1.13–2.70) |
| Parity | |||||
| 0 | 7,091 (23.1) | 785 | 11.1 (10.4–11.8) | 1 (ref) | |
| 1 or 2 | 8,511 (27.6) | 967 | 11.4 (10.7–12.1) | 1.04 (0.94–1.15) | |
| 3 or more | 15,049 (48.8) | 1,631 | 10.8 (10.4–11.3) | 1.05 (0.96–1.16) | |
| History of Hormonal Contraception | |||||
| Yes | 6,417 (20.8) | 790 | 12.3 (11.5–13.1) | 1.17 (1.07–1.27) | 1.10 (1.01–1.20) |
| No | 24,154 (78.1) | 2,587 | 10.7 (10.3–11.1) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) |
| Current IUD Use | |||||
| Yes | 10,170 (33.0) | 1,164 | 11.5 (10.8–12.1) | 1.05 (0.98–1.14) | |
| No | 19,887 (64.5) | 2,153 | 10.8 (10.4–11.3) | 1 (ref) | |
| Condom Use in the last 12 months | |||||
| Never | 25,557 (82.9) | 2,682 | 10.5 (10.1–10.9) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) |
| Almost always | 2,777 (9.0) | 373 | 13.4 (12.2–14.8) | 1.27 (1.13–1.43) | 1.15 (1.01–1.29) |
| Always | 1,716 (5.6) | 253 | 14.7 (13.1–16.5) | 1.42 (1.23–1.63) | 1.26 (1.09–1.46) |
| History of a Previous STI | |||||
| Yes | 979 (3.2) | 182 | 18.6 (16.3–21.1) | 1.91 (1.62–2.25) | 1.54 (1.30–1.84) |
| No | 29,424 (95.4) | 3,161 | 10.7 (10.4–11.1) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) |
| Tobacco Use | |||||
| Never | 29,238 (94.8) | 3,160 | 10.8 (10.5–11.2) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) |
| Ever | 964 (3.1) | 175 | 18.2 (15.8–20.7) | 1.77 (1.49–2.10) | 1.23 (1.03–1.47) |
Abbreviations: STI sexually transmitted infections, OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval
aOdds ratios for all the variables with the exception of age itself are adjusted for age. Age was included in the model as a categorical variable (30–34, 35–39, 40–44, 45–49, 50–54, 55–59, 60–64); bAssociation test was adjusted for age, marital status, age of sexual debut, number of lifetime sexual partners, number of sexual partners in the last 12 months, history of hormonal contraception, condom use in the last 12 months, history of a previous STI, and tobacco use; cWomen who reported zero lifetime sexual partners were excluded
Statistically significant p values ≤ 0.05 of the OR's are marked in bold font