Table 2.
Univariate regression analyses showing the odds ratio for work performance and sick leave at the 3-year follow-up.
| Work performance | Sick leave | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| p | Odds ratio (95% CI) | p | Odds ratio (95% CI) | |
| Withe collar, N (%) | <0.001 | 0.3 (0.1–0.9) | <0.01 | 2.1 (2.6–3.8) |
| Blue collar, N (%) | 0.071 | 1.1 (0.9–1.3) | 0.062 | 0.9 (0.8–1.1) |
| Age (years) | 0.062 | 0.89 (0.78–1.0) | 0.076 | 0.93 (0.86–1.0) |
| Gender, N (%) | 0.052 | 0.81 (0.72–1.0) | 0.78 | 0.91 (0.83–1.1) |
| Men | <0.001 | 0.3 (0.2–0.4) | 0.061 | 0.88 (0.80–1.0) |
| Women | 0.071 | 0.96 (0.92–1.0) | <0.0001 | 1.8 (2.1–3.1) |
| Civil status, N (%) | 0.21 | 0.89 (0.68–1.1) | 0.069 | 0.94 (0.82–1.0) |
| Physical activity | <0.01 | 1.4 (0.5–1.9) | <0.001 | 0.3 (0.0–0.6) |
| Organic causes of LBP | 0.061 | 0.8 (0.7–1.0) | 0.067 | 0.8 (0.6–1.0) |
| Not-organic causes of LBP | <0.01 | 0.3 (0.2–0.5) | 0.001 | 1.8 (2.6–3.6) |
| Drug treatment for LBP | 0.053 | 0.8 (0.6–1.1) | 0.052 | 0.9 (0.5–1.2) |
| Previous LBP | 0.1 | 1.1 (0.9–0.8) | 0.053 | 1.0 (0.5–1.3) |
| Single/separated/divorced/widowed | 0.066 | 0.81 (0.71–1.0) | 0.062 | 0.90 (0.81–1.0) |
| Married/common/law partner | 0.067 | 0.76 (0.68–1.1) | 0.064 | 0.91 (0.80–1.1) |
| Last level of education completed, N (%) | 0.088 | 0.91 (0.7–1.0) | 0.072 | 0.94 (0.79–1.0) |
| Primary | 0.072 | 0.85 (0.79–1.1) | 0.061 | 0.97 (0.89–1.1) |
| High school | 0.42 | 0.93 (0.81–1.0) | 0.060 | 0.98 (0.88–1.0) |
| University | 0.061 | 0.86 (0.81–1.0) | 0.064 | 0.94 (0.90–1.0) |
| Annual personal income, N (%) | 0.069 | 0.88 (0.67–1.2) | 0.065 | 0.95 (0.92–1.1) |
| ≤10,000 | 0.063 | 0.82 (0.65–1.0) | 0.065 | 0.95 (0.91–1.0) |
| 10,001–20,000 | 0.058 | 0.99 (0.89–1.0) | 0.082 | 0.96 (0.90–1.0) |
| 20,001–30,000 | 0.056 | 0.91 (0.88–1.2) | 0.071 | 0.89 (0.85–1.0) |
| 30,001–40,000 | 0.052 | 0.88 (0.68–1.0) | 0.067 | 0.90 (0.89–1.1) |
| 40,001–50,000 | 0.062 | 0.99 (0.97–1.0) | 0.082 | 0.92 (0.88–1.0) |
| 50,001–70,000 | 0.061 | 0.89 (0.57–1.0) | 0.069 | 0.90 (0.85–1.0) |
| ≥70,001 | 0.067 | 0.87 (0.69–1.1) | 0.54 | 0.91 (0.84–1.0) |
| Industrial sector, N (%) | 0.069 | 0.81 (0.65–1.0) | 0.064 | 0.99 (0.81–1.0) |
| Banking/finance | 0.059 | 0.89 (0.78–1.0) | 0.067 | 0.97 (0.76–1.2) |
| Insurance | 0.071 | 0.76 (0.54–1.1) | 0.086 | 0.96 (0.78–1.0) |
| Manufacturing | 0.062 | 0.88 (0.49–1.0) | 0.073 | 0.93 (0.87–1.1) |
| ICT | 0.061 | 0.89 (0.84–1.0) | 0.062 | 0.93 (0.78–1.0) |
| Public services | 0.068 | 0.87 (0.82–1.1) | 0.062 | 0.91 (0.88–1.1) |
Note: LBP: low back pain; no-LBP: patients without low back pain diagnosis; p values < 0.05 are indicated in bold.