Table 2.
Infant sleep problems, maternal and child characteristics, and childhood overweight and obesity in Grade 6, NICHD SECCYDa, 1991–2004 (n = 895).
| Characteristics | Overweightb (n = 140) |
Obesityb (n = 170) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) or mean ± SD | ORc (95% CI) | P valued | n (%) or mean ± SD | ORc (95% CI) | P valued | |
| Infant sleep problemse | ||||||
| Zuckerman et al. definition | 46 (21.2) | 1.62 (1.08–2.43) | 0.019 | 38 (17.5) | 0.98 (0.65, 1.48) | 0.927 |
| Richman definition | 26 (23.6) | 1.70 (1.03–2.78) | 0.037 | 16 (14.6) | 0.79 (0.45–1.41) | 0.424 |
| Lozoff et al. definition | 28 (15.6) | 0.92 (0.58–1.45) | 0.704 | 29 (16.1) | 0.77 (0.49–1.21) | 0.260 |
| Maternal characteristicsf | ||||||
| Less than a bachelor's degree | 93 (16.9) | 1.54 (1.05–2.27) | 0.029 | 128 (23.3) | 2.37 (1.61–3.49) | < 0.0001 |
| At or below poverty line | 26 (26.3) | 2.90 (1.71–4.94) | < 0.0001 | 31 (31.3) | 2.91 (1.76–4.80) | < 0.0001 |
| Living single | 19 (15.7) | 1.19 (0.69–2.05) | 0.542 | 33 (27.3) | 1.79 (1.14–2.83) | 0.012 |
| Breastfeeding | 81 (14.6) | 0.70 (0.48–1.02) | 0.060 | 86 (15.5) | 0.52 (0.37–0.74) | 0.0002 |
| Child characteristicsf | ||||||
| Male | 66 (15.0) | 0.98 (0.68–1.42) | 0.907 | 94 (21.4) | 1.36 (0.96–1.91) | 0.082 |
| Nonwhite | 33 (19.2) | 1.57 (1.00–2.46) | 0.048 | 43 (25.0) | 1.73 (1.15–2. 60) | 0.009 |
| Birth weight (kg), mean ± SD | 3.49 ± 0.49 | 1.12 (0.78–1.61) | 0.553 | 3.62 ± 0.58 | 1.80 (1.29–2.52) | 0.0006 |
Abbreviations: OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; SD, standard deviation.
NICHD SECCYD = National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development.
Being overweight: BMI ≥ 85th but < 95th percentile; being obese: BMI ≥ 95th percentile.
Odds ratio from univariate multinomial regression with normal weight (BMI > 5th percentile and BMI < 85th percentile of 2000 CDC cut-offs) as reference category.
P value was from a Chi-squared (χ2) test or t-test. χ2 tests were used to determine significance for categorical variables (expressed in frequencies with percentage values and t tests were used to determine the significance for continuous variables (expressed as mean ± SD).
Infant sleep problems assessed at 6 months and/or 15 months of age.
Poverty and family structure were assessed when child was 24 months. Other maternal and child characteristics were assessed when child was one month.