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. 2016 Aug 25;4:463–468. doi: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2016.08.017

Table 3.

Associations between infant sleep problems per different definitions and childhood overweight and obesity in Grade 6, NICHD SECCYDa, 1991–2004 (n = 895).

Zuckerman et al.
 Richman
 Lozoff et al.
Overweightb
ORc (95% CI)		 Obesityb
ORc (95% CI)		 Overweightb
ORc (95% CI)		 Obesityb
ORc (95% CI)		 Overweightb
ORc (95% CI)		 Obesityb
ORc (95% CI)
Infant sleep problemsd
Yes 1.68 (1.11–2.55) 1.01 (0.65–1.56) 1.76 (1.05–2.97) 0.82 (0.45–1.50) 1.07 (0.66–1.74) 0.91 (0.57–1.47)
No Referent Referent Referent Referent Referent Referent



Maternal factorse
Less than a bachelor's degree 1.21 (0.79–1.86) 1.96 (1.28–3.02) 1.17 (0.76–1.80) 1.98 (1.30–3.05) 1.22 (0.79–1.86) 1.97 (1.28–3.02)
At or below poverty line 2.52 (1.31–4.85) 2.11 (1.14–3.90) 2.59 (1.34–4.98) 2.15 (1.16–3.97) 2.65 (1.38–5.08) 2.12 (1.15–3.92)
Living single 0.66 (0.34–1.29) 0.88 (0.49–1.61) 0.67 (0.34–1.32) 0.88 (0.48–1.59) 0.66 (0.34–1.30) 0.89 (0.49–1.61)
Breastfeeding 0.80 (0.52–1.22) 0.63 (0.43–0.93) 0.77 (0.50–1.18) 0.64 (0.43–0.95) 0.80 (0.52–1.22) 0.64 (0.43–0.95)



Child factorse
Male 0.93 (0.63–1.37) 1.17 (0.81–1.69) 0.93 (0.63–1.37) 1.16 (0.80–1.69) 0.94 (0.64–1.38) 1.17 (0.81–1.69)
Nonwhite 1.55 (0.90–2.65) 1.52 (0.92–2.53) 1.52 (0.89–2.61) 1.51 (0.91–2.51) 1.51 (0.88–2.58) 1.51 (0.91–2.51)
Birth weight (kg) 1.16 (0.79–1.72) 2.06 (1.42–2.99) 1.13 (0.76–1.67) 2.07 (1.43–3.01) 1.15 (0.78–1.70) 2.07 (1.43–3.00)

Abbreviations: OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; NA, not available.

a

NICHD SECCYD = National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development.

b

Being overweight: BMI ≥ 85th but < 95th percentile; Being obese: BMI ≥ 95th percentile.

c

Odds ratio from multivariate multinomial regression adjusted for maternal characteristics (education, poverty, family structure, and breastfeeding) and child characteristics (sex, ethnicity, and birth weight).

d

Infant sleep problems assessed at 6 months and/or 15 months of age.

e

Poverty and family structure were assessed when child was 24 months. Other maternal and child characteristics were assessed when child was one month.