FIG 3.

dsDNA translocation motors with revolving mechanisms. (A) Revolving motors and rotation motors can be distinguished by motor chirality. (B) dsDNA translocase of FtsK (PDB accession number 2IUU) and T7 using a revolving mechanism. (C) Phi29 packages dsDNA through a revolving mechanism powered by ATP. (D) Hypothetical model for genome packaging in mimivirus. The packaging ATPase binds at specific sites of the catenated genome and translocates the decatenated genome powered by ATP hydrolysis into the preassembled capsid through a transient nonvertex opening situated on the opposite face of the star gate-like structure. DNA-condensing proteins might be involved in genome condensation. The genome is delivered through the star gate during viral maturation. (Adapted from references 17, 28, 74, 122, and 123 with permission of the publishers.)