Table 1.

Original names and structural properties of the 20 empirical food webs examined in the study

Food web	Original name	S a	C b	C w c
Bothnian Bay	Bothnian Bay	12	0.222	0.184
Baltic Sea	Baltic Sea	15	0.173	0.184
Ems Estuary	Ems Estuary	15	0.196	0.169
Swartkops	Swartkops Estuary	15	0.169	0.121
Crystal River	Crystal River (control)	21	0.186	0.070
Benguela	Northern Benguela Upwelling	24	0.208	0.101
Neuse Estuary	Neuse Estuary (late summer 1998)	30	0.138	0.062
Georges Bank	Georges Bank	31	0.354	0.162
Gulf of Maine	Gulf of Maine	31	0.345	0.148
Narragansett	Narragansett Bay	32	0.154	0.093
Atlantic Bight	Middle Atlantic Bight	32	0.366	0.156
New England	Southern New England Bight	33	0.347	0.154
Chesapeake	Chesapeake Bay	36	0.094	0.068
St. Marks	St. Marks Seagrass, site 1 (Feb.)	51	0.103	0.086
Graminoids	Graminoids (wet)	66	0.182	0.033
Cypress	Cypress (wet)	68	0.118	0.060
Lake Oneida	Lake Oneida (pre‐ZM)	74	0.223	0.072
Bay of Quinte	Bay of Quinte (pre‐ZM)	74	0.211	0.056
Mangroves	Mangroves (wet)	94	0.152	0.036
Florida Bay	Florida Bay (wet)	125	0.124	0.029

^aNumber of taxa.

^bBinary directed connectance, L/S ²; where L is the number of trophic links.

^cweighted directed connectance (see Materials and Methods for calculation method).