Table 2. Estimated percentage difference in mitochondrial-related parameter values before and after a 2 Gy, low-LET exposure under aerobic conditions^*.

Parameters	Time after exposure	Change post- exposure (%)	Cell and mitochondrial types and reference values
ROS/RNS vs. dose	0-3 min	+220% ROS/RNS	3 Gy 90Sr β-dose leads to 4.25-fold ↑ ROS gradient – human squamous carcinoma [27]
Δψ vs. dose	10 min–1 h	−15% Δψ	4 Gy γ-rays leads to 30% ↓ Δψ – human fibroblasts [28]: similarly, depolarization occurs 3-5 mins [27]
UCP2 vs. time	1 h	+16% UCP2	5 Gy leads to 40% ↑ UCP2 – apoptosis-sensitive murine B cell lymphoma [29]
Δψ vs. dose	12 h	−7% Δψ	4 Gy γ-rays leads to 14% ↓ Δψ – human fibroblasts [28]
Δψ vs. dose	Chronic	−5% Δψ	10 Gy X-rays leads to 26% ↓ Δψ – 3 hamster fibroblast clones [10]
O2 consumption vs. dose	Chronic	+30% O2 consumption	10 Gy X-rays leads to 2.5-fold ↑ O2consumption – 3 hamster fibroblast clones [10]

^*Experiments utilized cultured cells or isolated mitochondria. Average percentage increase and decrease of cell types indicated by %↑ and ↓, respectively.