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. 2016 Mar 9;7(16):21952–21967. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.8009

Figure 3. Effects of TPA and melatonin on the MAPK pathway.

Figure 3

(A) HSC-3 and OECM-1 cells were treated with TPA (50 ng/mL) and melatonin (0, 0.5, 1 mM) and then subjected to Western blotting to analyze the levels of ERK 1/2, JNK, and p38. (B) HSC-3 and OECM-1 cells were pre-treated with U0126 (10 μM) for 1 h and then incubated in the presence or absence of TPA (50 ng/mL) and melatonin (0.5 mM) for 24 h. The medium was subjected to gelatin zymography. (C) Cell migration was measured using transwell for 24 h (OECM-1 cell) and 48 h (HSC-3 cell) with polycarbonate filters, respectively. The migration abilities of HSC-3 and OECM-1 cells were quantified by counting the number of cells that invaded the underside of the porous polycarbonate. The values represented the means ± SD of at least three independent experiments. *p < 0.05 compared to the vehicle group; #p < 0.05 compared to the TPA treatment group; ##p < 0.05 compared to the combination of TPA and U0126, or melatonin treatment group.