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. 2016 Mar 3;7(16):22116–22127. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.7904

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Copyright: © 2016 Liu et al.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

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The apoptotic cells in UUO rats were evaluated by TUNEL assay. Sham-operative kidney showed no positive nuclear staining for TUNEL A. (a). UUO kidney showed a significant increase in TUNEL-positive staining at day 14 (b). 4-PBA treatment (500 mg/kg, twice a day) attenuated UUO-induced renal cell apoptosis (c). 4-PBA-treated sham-operative kidney showed no positive TUNEL staining (d). The TUNEL-positive staining cells in the kidneys were calculated as described in Materials and Methods B. Data are presented as mean ± SEM values (n = 3). *P< 0.05 versus the sham control group. #P< 0.05 versus the UUO group. The white scale bar represents 100 μm.