Figure 4. Elevated mtDNA content induced the production of ROS to increase the secretion of TGF-β1 in T cells.

A. TFAM expression at protein level detected by Western blot, and relative mtDNA content measured by real-time PCR-based method in H9 and Jurkat cells 48 hours after transfection with pTFAM or pcDNA3.1. B. and C. ROS measured by staining with H₂DCF-DA and then analyzed by flow cytometer in H9 and Jurkat cells with different plasmid transfection or treatment. D. Cytokines in culture supernatants measured by ELISA in H9 cells with different plasmid transfection or treatment. E. Cytokines in culture supernatants measured by ELISA in Jurkat cells with different plasmid transfection or treatment. ^* P<0.05, compared with related controls.