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. 2016 Mar 22;7(16):22873–22882. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.8251

Figure 5. Pharmaceutical inhibition of autophagy pathway enhances the anticancer efficacy of tumor-targeting Samonella.

Figure 5

(A and D) Autophagic-flux analysis after treatment with CQ and Baf A1. Hep G2 (A) or Huh 7 (D) cells were infected with S. typimurium (A1-R) or VNP20009 (VNP) for 4 hrs or not infected. Cells were then incubated with or without CQ (5 μM) or Baf A1 (2 nM) for 6 hrs. Cells were then subjected to IB analysis with GAPDH as a loading control. (B and E) Autophagy inhibition by CQ enhanced A1-R- or VNP-mediated cell killing of Hep G2 (B) and Huh 7 cells (E). Bacterial infection and 5 μM CQ treatment were performed as in A. Cell counting was conducted at the indicated time points. (C and F) Autophagy inhibition by Baf A1 enhanced A1-R- or VNP20009-mediated cell killing in Hep G2 (C) and Huh 7 cells (F). A1-R infection and 2 nM Baf A1 treatment was performed as in D. Cells infected with VNP for 4 h or uninfected and treated with or without 1 nM Baf A1. Cell counting was conducted at the indicated time points. All results are representative of at least two independent experiments. All cell-counting results are presented as mean value ± SE from three independent experiments, each running in triplicate. ***p < 0.001.