Table 3. Adjusted estimatesa of CHD per 2-fold increase in patella lead levels, stratified by different gene polymorphisms.
| Associations in the entire population | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 95%Confidence Interval | |||||
| N | Hazard Ratiob | Lower | Upper | P valuec | |
| Crude model | 583 | 1.42 | 1.20 | 1.68 | < .0001 |
| Adjusted model | 583 | 1.36 | 1.15 | 1.61 | 0.0004 |
| Associations by genotype of each lead-related SNPs | |||||
| Vitamin D (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor gene (VDR gene) | |||||
| VDR rs1544410 (Bsm1) | 494 | 0.004 | |||
| G/G | 0.97 | 0.73 | 1.28 | ||
| G/A | 1.59 | 1.20 | 2.10 | ||
| A/A | 1.77 | 1.18 | 2.68 | ||
| VDR rs731236 (Taq1) | 521 | 0.009 | |||
| T/T | 1.00 | 0.76 | 1.33 | ||
| T/C | 1.56 | 1.19 | 2.04 | ||
| C/C | 1.70 | 1.15 | 2.52 | ||
| VDR rs7975232 (Apa1) | 520 | 0.007 | |||
| A/A | 1.48 | 1.11 | 1.97 | ||
| A/C | 1.71 | 1.30 | 2.25 | ||
| C/C | 0.84 | 0.62 | 1.13 | ||
| VDR rs1073581 (Fok1) | 509 | 0.09 | |||
| G/G | 1.19 | 0.91 | 1.56 | ||
| G/A | 1.28 | 1.01 | 1.63 | ||
| A/A | 2.11 | 1.19 | 3.74 | ||
| VDR rs757343 (Tru91) | 516 | 0.07 | |||
| G/G | 1.17 | 0.89 | 1.52 | ||
| G/A | 1.30 | 1.02 | 1.64 | ||
| A/A | 2.09 | 1.18 | 3.73 | ||
| δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase gene (ALAD gene) | |||||
| ALAD rs1833435 | 545 | 0.84 | |||
| A/A | 1.34 | 1.20 | 1.60 | ||
| A/T | 1.36 | 0.74 | 2.50 | ||
| T/T | 1.19 | 0.24 | 5.93 | ||
| Hemochromatosis gene (HFE gene) | |||||
| HFE rs1799945 (H63D) | 509 | 0.25 | |||
| C/C | 1.41 | 1.15 | 1.72 | ||
| G/C | 1.10 | 0.79 | 1.56 | ||
| G/G | 1.67 | 0.26 | 10.78 | ||
| HFE rs1800562 (C282Y) | 510 | 0.22 | |||
| G/G | 1.36 | 1.13 | 1.64 | ||
| G/A | 0.99 | 0.58 | 1.69 | ||
| A/A | --d | -- | -- | ||
| Heme oxygenase 1 gene (HMOX1 gene) | |||||
| HMOX1 rs2071746 | 516 | 0.09 | |||
| A/A | 1.51 | 1.07 | 2.13 | ||
| A/T | 1.44 | 1.13 | 1.83 | ||
| T/T | 1.02 | 0.74 | 1.41 | ||
| HMOX1 rs2071749 | 514 | 0.10 | |||
| G/G | 1.02 | 0.77 | 1.35 | ||
| G/A | 1.54 | 1.21 | 1.98 | ||
| A/A | 1.34 | 0.91 | 1.99 | ||
| HMOX1 rs5995098 | 519 | 0.15 | |||
| C/C | 1.62 | 1.23 | 2.14 | ||
| C/G | 1.18 | 0.94 | 1.49 | ||
| G/G | 1.40 | 0.78 | 2.51 | ||
| HMOX1 rs2071747 | 510 | 0.82 | |||
| G/G | 1.36 | 1.13 | 1.63 | ||
| G/C | 1.45 | 0.81 | 2.61 | ||
| C/C | -- | -- | -- | ||
| HMOX1 length polymorphisms | 541 | 0.18 | |||
| S or M alleles | 1.46 | 1.20 | 1.77 | ||
| Any L allele | 1.09 | 0.74 | 1.60 | ||
| Alipoprotein E gene (APOE gene) | |||||
| APOE rs429358 | 500 | 0.10 | |||
| T/T | 1.43 | 1.17 | 1.75 | ||
| T/C | 1.05 | 0.75 | 1.48 | ||
| C/C | 0.87 | 0.39 | 1.95 | ||
| APOE rs440446 | 521 | 0.64 | |||
| G/G | 1.25 | 0.95 | 1.63 | ||
| G/C | 1.42 | 1.09 | 1.86 | ||
| C/C | 1.34 | 0.83 | 2.16 | ||
| APOE rs405509 | 534 | 0.33 | |||
| A/A | 1.22 | 0.86 | 1.74 | ||
| A/C | 1.26 | 0.99 | 1.60 | ||
| C/C | 1.58 | 1.10 | 2.28 | ||
| APOE rs449647 | 513 | 0.60 | |||
| T/T | 1.30 | 1.05 | 1.61 | ||
| T/A | 1.60 | 1.15 | 2.21 | ||
| A/A | 1.19 | 0.45 | 3.16 | ||
| APOE rs7412 | 540 | 0.30 | |||
| C/C | 1.34 | 1.10 | 1.64 | ||
| C/T | 1.45 | 0.98 | 2.16 | ||
| T/T | 2.42 | 0.57 | 10.25 | ||
| APOE rs769446 | 509 | 0.46 | |||
| T/T | 1.32 | 1.08 | 1.61 | ||
| T/C | 1.87 | 1.20 | 2.91 | ||
| C/C | 0.47 | 0.11 | 2.05 | ||
| Angiotensinogen gene (AGT gene) | |||||
| AGT rs699 | 485 | 0.02 | |||
| T/T | 2.17 | 1.51 | 3.12 | ||
| T/C | 1.29 | 1.01 | 1.64 | ||
| C/C | 1.18 | 0.82 | 1.7 | ||
| AGT rs5046 | 487 | 0.05 | |||
| C/C | 1.57 | 1.27 | 1.94 | ||
| C/T | 1.13 | 0.83 | 1.53 | ||
| T/T | 1.04 | 0.35 | 3.09 | ||
| AGT rs5050 | 483 | 0.75 | |||
| T/T | 1.36 | 1.09 | 1.69 | ||
| T/G | 1.39 | 1.02 | 1.91 | ||
| G/G | -- | -- | -- | ||
| AGT 2493137 | 485 | 0.25 | |||
| T/T | 1.61 | 1.20 | 2.15 | ||
| T/C | 1.37 | 1.08 | 1.74 | ||
| C/C | 1.07 | 0.53 | 2.18 | ||
| Angiotensin II receptor 1 gene (AGTR1 gene) | |||||
| AGTR1 rs12695908 | 486 | 0.72 | |||
| C/C | 1.44 | 1.20 | 1.74 | ||
| C/T | 1.25 | 0.63 | 2.50 | ||
| T/T | -- | -- | -- | ||
| Glutathione S-transferase pi 1 gene (GSTP1 gene) | |||||
| GSTP1 rs1695 | 496 | 0.31 | |||
| A/A | 1.39 | 1.10 | 1.77 | ||
| A/G | 1.23 | 0.93 | 1.62 | ||
| G/G | 0.78 | 0.31 | 2.00 | ||
| Glutathione S-Transferase Theta 1 (GSTT1 gene) | |||||
| GSTT1 | 386 | 0.16 | |||
| Deletion | 1.21 | 0.84 | 1.76 | ||
| No deletion | 1.65 | 1.32 | 2.08 | ||
| Glutathione S-Transferase Mu 1 (GSTM1 gene) | |||||
| GSTM1 | 519 | 0.15 | |||
| Deletion | 1.56 | 1.21 | 2.01 | ||
| No deletion | 1.21 | 0.95 | 1.54 |
a Hazard ratio and 95% confidence interval with adjustment for age, BMI, smoking status (ever/never) and total cholesterol to HDL cholesterol ratio for all models.
b Hazard ratio indicates HR of CHD events for 2-fold increase in lead levels.
c P value from Wald test in the adjusted Cox proportional hazard models, when genotype indicators treated as a continuous variable.
d Null values are due to the absence of subjects or a small number of subjects.