Fig 1. APP1-dependent ROS control QC and DSC through SHR and SCR.

APP1 activity generates ROS in mitochondria. These ROS control cell division in QC and DSC in the stem cell niche (circle). UBPEAT1 controls the expression of a set of peroxidases that form an O₂^‾/H₂O₂-gradient to establish the boundary between cell proliferation and differentiation (dashed line). Auxin and cytokinin regulate cell proliferation and differentiation respectively. Blue lines indicate the possible connections between different pathways that should be tested in the future.