Fig. 4.

Antidromic collision of an elPBN cardiovascular neuron. Left to right: time of stimulation of cardiac sympathetic afferent nerves (CSAN; ↓), CSAN-evoked elPBN spike (●), time of antidromic stimulation from rostral ventrolateral medulla (rVLM; ∗), and antidromic-evoked elPBN action potential (○). The neuron had a conduction velocity of 2.0 m/s, an antidromic latency of 4.0 ms, and a refractory period of 1.6 ms. Middle trace displays cancellation of the antidromic spike by the CSAN-evoked orthodromic spike.