TABLE 1. Maternal Characteristics.
| West Nile virusillness N = 28 |
Uninfected women N = 25 |
p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal age (mean ± SD) | 29.4 ± 6.0 | 31.8 ± 4.3 | 0.109 |
| Pre-pregnancy BMI (mean ± SD) | 25.2 ± 4.0 | 26.3 ± 7.0 | 0.480 |
| Planned pregnancy | 17 | 24 | 0.002 |
| Ethnicity | |||
| White | 24 | 24 | 0.399 |
| Hispanic | 3 | 1 | |
| Native American | 1 | 0 | |
| Education | |||
| Graduate/professional | 2 | 8 | 0.005 |
| College | 15 | 17 | |
| High school | 12 | 0 | |
| Household incomea | |||
| >$60,000 | 7 | 16 | 0.002 |
| $40,000–$60,000 | 4 | 2 | |
| $9000–$40,000 | 9 | 3 | |
| <$9,000 | 4 | 0 | |
| Tobacco use | 7 | 1 | 0.053 |
| Alcohol use | 5 | 2 | 0.256 |
| Drug use | 2 | 0 | 0.492 |
| Maternal birth defects | 1 (pyloric stenosis) | 0 | 1.000 |
| Maternal family history of birth defectsb | 1 | 2 | 0.597 |
| Paternal family history of birth defectsc | 3 | 3 | 1.000 |
a
Four in each group declined to report.
b
One of WNV group unsure.
c
Three of WNV group unsure.
BMI, body mass index.