TABLE 2. Pregnancy and Delivery Characteristics.
| West Nile virus illness N = 28 |
Uninfected women N = 25 |
p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gravidity, median (range) | 2 (1–6) | 2 (1–4) | 0.339 |
| Parity median (range) | 1 (0–4) | 1 (0–2) | 0.734 |
| Pre-existing maternal illness | |||
| Epilepsy | 1 | 0 | 1.000 |
| Pre-existing pregnancy complications | |||
| Prior spontaneous abortion | 8 | 8 | 1.000 |
| Prior preterm birth | 3 | 3 | 1.000 |
| Prior stillbirth | 2 | 1 | 1.000 |
| Prior fetal growth restriction | 1 | 0 | 1.000 |
| Prior preeclampsia /eclampsia | 1 | 0 | 1.000 |
| Prior children with birth defects | 1 (Down syndrome) | 0 | 1.000 |
| Current pregnancy | |||
| Had prenatal care | 28 | 25 | 1.000 |
| Folic acid supplementa | 24 | 23 | 1.000 |
| Other medications used by indicationb | |||
| Cold/upper respiratory infection | 5 | 2 | 0.426 |
| Urinary tract infection | 4 | 1 | 0.355 |
| Hypothyroidism | 1 | 2 | 0.597 |
| Nausea and vomiting | 4 | 3 | 1.000 |
| Fever | 3 | 0 | 0.238 |
| Sleep | 3 | 0 | 0.238 |
| Mood disorders | 2 | 1 | 1.000 |
| Other | 3 | 2 | 1.000 |
| Total medications used | 25 | 11 | 0.001 |
| Pregnancy complications | |||
| Gestational hypertension / pre-eclampsia | 1 | 3 | 0.333 |
| Febrile illness | 15 | 0 | < 0.001 |
| Vaginal bleeding over 20 weeks | 3 | 0 | 0.238 |
| Placental abruption | 2 | 0 | 0.492 |
| Placenta previa | 1 | 0 | 1.000 |
| Maternal infection (other than WNV) | |||
| Cold or flu | 4 | 2 | 0.672 |
| Urinary tract infection | 4 | 0 | 0.113 |
| Recurrent Herpes | 1 | 2 | 0.597 |
| Chlamydia | 1 | 0 | 1.000 |
| Intrapartum complications | |||
| Non-reassuring fetal heart tracing | 1 | 0 | 1.000 |
| Primary cesarean delivery | 5 | 6 | 0.582 |
| Group B streptococcus colonization | 3 | 4 | 0.694 |
| Chorioamnionitis | 1 | 0 | 1.000 |
a
Four and two missing entries for WNV and uninfected groups, respectively.
b
Medication use in WNV group: acetaminophen, bupropion, hydroxyzine, diphenhydramine, zolpidem, morphine, pantoprazole, azithromycin, methylprednisolone, ondansetron, levothyroxine, nitrofurantoin, oseltamivir; medication use in control group: bupropion, levothyroxine, enoxaparin, ondansetron, promethazine, acyclovir.
WNV, West Nile virus.