. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Oct 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Neurovirol. 2015 Jun 12;21(5):559–567. doi: 10.1007/s13365-015-0359-6

Table 3.

Effects of CSF biomarkers on MRS metabolite/creatine ratios as measured by R-squared derived from significant multivariable models. Associations were negative (in bold) between NAA/Cr FWM and MCP-1; NAA/Cr FGM and sCD14; and Cho/Cr FGM and sCD14. The remaining associations were positive. All analyses performed on the full sample (N=83, Column 2) were repeated on four clinically relevant subsets (Columns 3-6). Models that did not yield significant biomarker effect in the full sample analysis (N=83) are not shown.

MRS metabolite CSF Biomarker	Effect of Biomarker: R² (p-value)
MRS metabolite CSF Biomarker	All (N=83)	HCV-negative (N=65)	Undetectable CSF (N=56)	Undetectable Plasma and CSF (N=42)	HCV-negative Undetectable Plasma and CSF (N=29)

NAA/Cr FWM
MCP-1	0.102 (0.005)	0.107 (0.012)	0.04 (0.14)	0.048 (0.169)	0.089 (0.136)
SDF-1α¹	0.056 (0.037)	0.092 (0.018)	0.057 (0.082)	0.071 (0.093)	0.081 (0.156)

NAA/Cr FGM
sCD14	0.068 (0.019)	0.047 (0.084)	0.063 (0.057)	0.048 (0.163)	0.004 (0.736)

Cho/Cr FGM
sCD14²	0.224 (<0.001)	0.176 (0.001)	0.163 (0.001)	0.14 (0.01)	0.155 (0.027)

Cho/Cr BG
MCP-1²	0.055 (0.035)	0.060 (0.042)	0.066 (0.047)	0.064 (0.083)	0.08 (0.061)

Models control for scanner, imaging covariate, and significant covariates (p<0.05)

undetectable plasma HIV (except for the last two columns in which by definition plasma HIV was undetectable)

estimated duration of HIV infection. Cho = choline; Cr = creatine; CSF = cerebrospinal fluid; FGM = frontal gray matter; FWM = frontal white matter; HCV = hepatitis C virus; MRS = magnetic resonance spectroscopy; NAA = N-acetylaspartate.