Table 1. Baseline characteristics of participants.
| Outcome measures | HP n = 57 | HC n = 61 | Mean difference, 95% CI, P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 50.1±1.2 | 49.2±1.2 | 0.84 (-2.5, 4.2), P = 0.622 |
| Anthropometric | |||
| Weight (kg) | 105.2±1.9 | 102.6±1.8 | 2.6 (-2.5, 7.8), P = 0.318 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 33.8±0.6 | 32.7±0.5 | 1.0 (-0.48, 2.5), P = 0.179 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 111.2±1.4 | 109.4±1.3 | 1.8 (-1.9, 5.5), P = 0.345 |
| Total fat (kg) | 34.9±1.1 | 33.2±1.0 | 1.4 (-1.5, 4.3), p = 0.263 |
| Total lean (kg) | 65.5±1.0 | 64.4±1.1 | 1.3 (-1.7, 4.2), p = 0.482 |
| Body fat (%) | 34.4±0.7 | 33.8±0.6 | 0.4 (-1.3, 2.1), p = 0.495 |
| Abdominal fat (kg) | 3.1±0.1 | 2.9±0.1 | 1.7 (-0.2, 0.5), p = 0.293 |
| Primary outcomes | |||
| Testosterone (nmol/L) | 13.4±0.6 | 14.2±0.5 | -0.86 (-2.4, 0.66), P = 0.265 |
| Free testosterone (pmol/L) | 221.8±10.3 | 236.1±9.7 | -14.1 (-42.3, 13.8), P = 0.316 |
| SHBG (nmol/L) | 26.8±1.4 | 29.1±1.5 | -2.4 (-6.4, 1.6), P = 0.244 |
| Secondary outcomes | |||
| IIEF total | 48.2±2.2 | 48.3±2.0 | -0.09 (-5.9, 5.7), P = 0.974 |
| IIEF-EF | 20.9±7.3 | 21.4±6.8 | -0.44 (-3.1, 2.2), P = 0.740 |
| IPSS storage | 3.2±0.3 | 4.1±0.4 | -0.96 (-1.9, 0.01), P = 0.052 |
| IPSS voiding | 1.8±0.3 | 2.9±0.4 | -1.0 (-2.2, 0.1), P = 0.084 |
| SDI | 56.1±2.3 | 55.3±1.8 | 0.85 (-4.8, 6.5), P = 0.769 |
| Covariates | |||
| Cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.2±0.13 | 5.3±0.1 | -0.09 (-0.43, 0.25), P = 0.594 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.7±0.12 | 1.9±0.1 | -0.16 (-0.49, 0.16), P = 0.313 |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.2±0.05 | 1.3±0.05 | -0.05 (-0.18, 0.07), P = 0.409 |
| LDL-C(mmol/L) | 3.2±0.1 | 3.2±0.1 | 0.04 (-0.27, 0.34), P = 0.817 |
| hsCRP (mg/L) | 2.8±0.3 | 2.7±0.3 | 0.08 (-0.71, 0.87), P = 0.839 |
| Insulin (mU/L) | 12.5±1.2 | 10.1±0.7 | 2.4 (-0.36, 5.2), P = 0.087 |
| Glucose (mmol/L) | 5.8±0.09 | 5.9±0.1 | -0.04 (-0.36, 0.27), P = 0.782 |
| HOMA | 3.3±0.4 | 2.7±0.2 | 0.57 (-0.26, 1.4), P = 0.177 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 134.5±2.0 | 135.9±1.6 | -1.3 (-6.4, 3.8), P = 0.610 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 85.7±1.4 | 84.2±1.3 | 1.5 (-2.3, 5.3), P = 0.426 |
| MAP (mmHg) | 102.1±1.5 | 101.4±1.3 | 0.69 (-3.3, 4.7), P = 0.733 |
| POMS depression | 23.6±1.2 | 23.9±1.0 | -0.22 (-3.2, 2.8), P = 0.887 |
BMI: body mass index, DBP: diastolic blood pressure; EF: erectile function; hsCRP: highly sensitive C-reactive protein; HDL-C: high density lipoprotein cholesterol; HOMA: homeostasis assessment of insulin resistance; HC: higher carbohydrate; HP: higher protein; IIEF: international index of erectile dysfunction; IPSS: international prostate symptom score; LDL-C: low density lipoprotein cholesterol; MAP: mean arterial pressure; POMS: profile of mood states; SDI: sexual desire inventory; SBP: systolic blood pressure
Data are presented as mean±SEM and were analysed by independent t-test with the between subject factor of diet