. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Sep 1.

Published in final edited form as: Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2016 Jul 19;40(9):1971–1981. doi: 10.1111/acer.13153

Table 4.

Main and interaction effects of prenatal alcohol exposure, sex, and age on test performance on neuropsychological and behavioral measures

Neuropsychological Performance
	Exposure		Age		Sex		Exposure × Age		Exposure × Sex		Age × Sex		Exposure × Age × Sex
	p	η_p²	p	η_p²	p	η_p²	p	η_p²	p	η_p²	p	η_p²	p	η_p²
Main Effect:	< .001	.316	< .001	.135	< .001	.122	.264	.043	.174	.048	.634	.029	.583	.031
NEPSY-II MDD	< .001	.145	.361	.002	.531	.001	.425	.002	.739	< .001	.679	< .001	.322	.003
NEPSY-II MFD	< .001	.094	.275	.003	.194	.005	.746	< .001	.501	.001	.287	.003	.174	.005
NEPSY-II MND	< .001	.138	.724	< .001	.786	< .001	.312	.003	.034	.012	.671	< .001	.195	.005
NEPSY-II NMF	< .001	.098	.130	.006	.297	.003	.879	< .001	.532	.001	.522	.001	.521	.001
NEPSY-II INI	< .001	.112	.519	.001	.975	< .001	.117	.007	.020	.015	.525	.001	.322	.003
NEPSY-II AW	< .001	.151	.841	< .001	< .001	.079	.010	.018	.144	.006	.731	< .001	.509	.001
NEPSY-II WGS	< .001	.076	< .001	.045	.649	.001	.551	.001	.754	< .001	.390	.002	.852	< .001
DAS-II M	< .001	.100	.942	< .001	.292	.003	.597	.001	.181	.005	.207	.004	.499	.001
DAS-II SQR	< .001	.170	.812	< .001	.041	.011	.541	.001	.135	.006	.373	.002	.596	.001
DAS-II RD	< .001	.179	.652	.001	.056	.010	.926	< .001	.199	.004	.502	.001	.052	.010
DAS-II PC	< .001	.073	.442	.002	.114	.007	.676	< .001	.101	.007	.626	.001	.629	.001
DAS-II VS	< .001	.127	.001	.028	.068	.009	.338	.002	.465	.001	.073	.009	.446	.002
DAS-II WD	< .001	.107	.277	.003	.010	.018	.475	.001	.540	.001	.168	.005	.590	.001

Psychopathology
	Exposure		Age		Sex		Exposure × Age		Exposure × Sex		Age × Sex		Exposure × Age × Sex
	p	η_p²	p	η_p²	p	η_p²	p	η_p²	p	η_p²	p	η_p²	p	η_p²
Main Effect:	< .001	.546	.935	.009	.013	.054	.114	.037	.985	.005	.290	.027	.634	.017
Anxious/Depressed	< .001	.233	.562	.001	.181	.005	.055	.010	.734	< .001	.038	.012	.829	< .001
Withdrawn/Depressed	< .001	.193	.299	.003	.778	< .001	.114	.007	.833	< .001	.071	.009	.108	.007
Somatic Complaints	< .001	.164	.768	< .001	.023	.015	.677	< .001	.903	< .001	.518	.001	.271	.003
Social Problems	< .001	.397	.767	< .001	.582	.001	.479	.001	.643	.001	.338	.003	.751	< .001
Thought Problems	< .001	.380	.974	< .001	.518	.001	.915	< .001	.744	< .001	.137	.006	.381	.002
Attention Problems	< .001	.501	.619	.001	.163	.006	.181	.005	.540	.001	.074	.009	.384	.002
Rule-Breaking Behavior	< .001	.343	.617	.001	.896	.001	.887	< .001	.535	.001	.055	.010	.116	.007
Aggressive Behavior	< .001	.357	.526	.001	.481	.001	.828	< .001	.789	< .001	.044	.012	.427	.002

Adaptive Functioning
	Exposure		Age		Sex		Exposure × Age		Exposure × Sex		Age × Sex		Exposure × Age × Sex
	p	η_p²	p	η_p²	p	η_p²	p	η_p²	p	η_p²	p	η_p²	p	η_p²
Main Effect:	< .001	.450	< .001	.107	.347	.008	.806	.003	.026	.023	.666	.004	.233	.011
Communication	< .001	.417	< .001	.076	.160	.005	.928	< .001	.135	.006	.894	< .001	.057	.009
Daily Living Skills	< .001	.313	.148	.005	.272	.003	.504	.001	.322	.003	.835	< .001	.510	.001
Socialization	< .001	.375	< .001	.040	.893	< .001	.465	.001	.868	< .001	.310	.003	.363	.002

Note. CBCL = Child Behavior Checklist; MDD = Memory for Designs Delayed; MFD = Memory for Faces Delayed; MND = Memory for Names Delayed; NMF = Narrative Memory Free Recall; INI = Inhibition; AW = Arrows; WGS = Word Generation Semantic; DAS-II = Differential Abilities Scales, Second Edition; M = Matrices; SQR = Sequential and Quantitative Reasoning; RD = Recall of Designs; PC = Pattern Construction; VS = Verbal Similarities; WD = Word Definitions; VABS-II = Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, Second Edition; η_p² = Partial eta squared effect size; p < .017 = significant with Bonferroni correction; significant findings are bolded