Figure 2. Calling behavior of female P. xylostella in the presence of plant odors.

H, host odor; TPT, turpentine; TPO, α-terpineol; EUO, eucalyptol. Each terpenoid was loaded at a dose of 1000 μg onto a rubber septum. (a) Maximum calling denotes the largest number of females calling synchronously. (b) Cumulative calling is the total number of females that engaged in calling behavior. H and each H+terpenoid treatment in (a,b) were statistically compared using a χ² test (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01). (c) The onset time of calling is expressed as minutes after the onset of the observation at 18:00, and the scotophase was from 20:00 to 4:00 (8 h). (d) Duration is the hours that calling behavior lasted. Significant differences between H and each H+terpenoid treatment in (c,d) are indicated by asterisk (*P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001, Mann–Whitney U test).